Axial Skeleton Flashcards
5 Regions of the vertebral column
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum and Coccyx
How many vertebrae in the Cervical region
7
Defining feature of the Cervical vertebrae
All - Foramina transversarium
C1- no spinous process
C2 - Dens (superior projection for C1)
How many vertebrae in the Thoracic region
12
Defining feature of the Thoracic vertebrae
Costal facets (for rib articulation)
Spinous process project posterior and inferior
How many vertebrae in the Lumbar region
5
Defining feature of the Lumbar vertebrae
Largest bodies
Mamillary process (for multifidus)
How many vertebrae in the Sacral region
5 fused vertebrae
How many vertebrae in the Coccygeal region
3-5
Defining feature of the coccygeal region
Attachment for the Filum Terminale of the spinal cord
What is / where is a Kyphotic curve found
Convex posterior curve; found in Thoracic and Sacral spine
What is / where is a Lordotic curve found
Convex anterior curve; found in Cervical and Lumbar spine
Anterior longitudinal ligament - movement and location
Checks extension; anterior vertebral column
Posterior longitudinal ligament - movement and location
Checks flexion; posterior vertebral column
Thoracic Rule of Threes - T1-T3
Processes project posteriorly w/transverse processes
Thoracic Rule of Threes - T4-T6
Directed slightly downward, btwn transverse processes of itself and below
Thoracic Rule of Threes - T7-T9
Same plane as the transverse processes below
3 parts of the Sternum
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process
Which ribs are true ribs
1-7; connected to Sternum via cartilage
Which ribs are false ribs
8-12; not directly connected to Sternum
Why are 11 and 12 floating
They do not connect anteriorly
Characteristics of a typical rib
Shaft - convex
Posterior angle
Head - 2 facets
Neck
Tubercle - junction of neck and shaft
Costal groove
Which ribs are atypical (and why)
1 - short, no groove
2 - thinner, no groove
10 - single facet for T10
11+12 - single facets, no neck or tubercle, floating
12 - short, no angle or groove
Facet joints movement
Flexion and extension
Thoracic spine movement
Flexion and extension, Rotation, Lateral flexion (side bending)
What type of joint connects the false ribs to the sternum
Interchondral joints
Sternocostal movement
Gliding, ‘give’ for breathing
Ribs 1+2 movement
Very little; upward and lateral in inspiration
Ribs 3-6 movement
Pump handle; upward and forward
Ribs 7-10 movement
bucket handle; upward and back
Ribs 11+12 movement
depress when all others elevate
