Heart and Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is mass flow?

A

The transport of blood in one direction

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2
Q

What is the importance of the circulatory system?

A

Regulation of body temperature

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3
Q

What is collagen ?

A

Tough FIBROUS protein

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4
Q

What is the importance of collagen?

A

Making heart muscle walls strong and durable

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5
Q

What is the importance of elastic fibres?

A

Allows walls to stretch and recoil

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6
Q

What is the importance of smooth muscle cells?

A

Allows walls to constrict and dilate

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7
Q

What is thromboplastin?

A

An enzyme that acts as a clotting agent

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8
Q

What conditions does thromboplastin work in?

A

Ca2+ and Vitamin K

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9
Q

What is the purpose of converting fibrinogen into fibrin?

A

To form a mesh that traps red blood cells

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10
Q

What are the consequences of atherosclerosis?

A

Coronary heart disease Angina Stroke

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11
Q

What is LYMPH?

A

Excess tissue fluid that’s not in venuous return

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12
Q

What is an ODEMA?

A

Fluid build up in tissues leading to swelling

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13
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

When ventricles relax - the lowest blood pressure

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14
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

When ventricles contract - the highest blood pressure

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15
Q

What is the traditional device used to measure blood pressure?

A

A sphygmomanometer

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16
Q

What is peripheral resistance?

A

When contact between blood and blood vessel walls causes friction and impedes blood flow

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17
Q

What is a symptom of odema?

A

restricted body movement

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18
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do?

A

Cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels

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19
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Dizziness, Dry Cough, Abnormal heart rhythms

20
Q

What do Calcium Channel Blockers do?

A

Block Ca2+ channels in muscle cells stopping muscle contraction so muscle walls don’t contract - lowers blood pressure

21
Q

What are the three main forms of treatment for blood pressure?

A

ACE inhibitors Calcium Channel Blockers Diuretics

22
Q

What are the side effects of Calcium Channel Blockers?

A

Dizziness, Abnormal heart rhythms, Constipation

23
Q

Why aren’t calcium channel blockers prescribed to people who have had a myocardial infarction?

A

It can make symptoms worse or fatal

24
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Increase volume of urine produced.

25
How does increasing water loss decrease blood pressure?
Decreasing excess fluids and salt decreases blood plasma and cardiac output
26
What are the side effects of diuretics?
Dizziness, Nausea, Muscle Cramps.
27
What is the effect of aspirin on CVD?
Reduces the 'stickiness' of platelets and the likelihood of clot formation
28
Give an example of an anticoagulant/ Platelet inhibitory treatment
Aspirin/ Clopidogrel/ Warfin
29
What are Aspirin and Clopidogrel examples of?
Anticoagulants/ Platelet inhibitory treatment
30
What do anticoagulants do?
Reduce the stickiness of platelets; reduce the likelihood of clots forming
31
What are the risks of anticoagulants/Platelet inhibitory treatments?
Internal bleeding Haemorrhage Stomach ulcers
32
What does Warfin do?
Thins the blood Affects the synthesis of clotting factors
33
What is the difference between Asparin and Warfin?
Warfin can have greater effects; the risk of bleeding is much higher for Warfin than Asparin
34
What are cholesterol lowering drugs collectively known as?
(Plant) Statins
35
What is a risk of using statins?
Dizziness Allergies Muscle pain Liver/ kidney {damage / failure} Diabetes
36
Why do multi-cellular organisms need a circulatory system?
Diffusion would be too slow (over distance) To distribute {oxygen / named material} to all parts of the animal ; Mass {flow / transport} ;
37
What is the purpose of the aorta?
To carry oxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to cells of the body
38
What is the purpose of the vena cava?
To return deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart
39
What type of protein does active transport use?
Protein CARRIER
40
What is the difference between a protein carrier and a channel protein?
Channels open and close; Carriers bind to the appropriate molecule and change shape (allowing entry)
41
In atherosclerosis, what does a plaque consist of?
Fatty deposits
42
How do plaques form in atherosclerosis?
Damage to the endothelial cells
43
Where are the semilunar valves found?
The base of the aorta
44
Where are elastic fibres found?
Tunica media
45
What is the heart muscle in the walls of the heart known as?
CARDIAC/ Myogenic
46
Give two differences between an artery and a capillary?
47