Heart and Circulatory System

Question 1

What is mass flow?

Answer 1

The transport of blood in one direction

Question 2

What is the importance of the circulatory system?

Answer 2

Regulation of body temperature

Question 3

What is collagen ?

Answer 3

Tough FIBROUS protein

Question 4

What is the importance of collagen?

Answer 4

Making heart muscle walls strong and durable

Question 5

What is the importance of elastic fibres?

Answer 5

Allows walls to stretch and recoil

Question 6

What is the importance of smooth muscle cells?

Answer 6

Allows walls to constrict and dilate

Question 7

What is thromboplastin?

Answer 7

An enzyme that acts as a clotting agent

Question 8

What conditions does thromboplastin work in?

Answer 8

Ca2+ and Vitamin K

Question 9

What is the purpose of converting fibrinogen into fibrin?

Answer 9

To form a mesh that traps red blood cells

Question 10

What are the consequences of atherosclerosis?

Answer 10

Coronary heart disease Angina Stroke

Question 11

What is LYMPH?

Answer 11

Excess tissue fluid that’s not in venuous return

Question 12

What is an ODEMA?

Answer 12

Fluid build up in tissues leading to swelling

Question 13

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 13

When ventricles relax - the lowest blood pressure

Question 14

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 14

When ventricles contract - the highest blood pressure

Question 15

What is the traditional device used to measure blood pressure?

Answer 15

A sphygmomanometer

Question 16

What is peripheral resistance?

Answer 16

When contact between blood and blood vessel walls causes friction and impedes blood flow

Question 17

What is a symptom of odema?

Answer 17

restricted body movement

Question 18

What do ACE inhibitors do?

Answer 18

Cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels

Question 19

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 19

Dizziness, Dry Cough, Abnormal heart rhythms

Question 20

What do Calcium Channel Blockers do?

Answer 20

Block Ca2+ channels in muscle cells stopping muscle contraction so muscle walls don’t contract - lowers blood pressure

Question 21

What are the three main forms of treatment for blood pressure?

Answer 21

ACE inhibitors Calcium Channel Blockers Diuretics

Question 22

What are the side effects of Calcium Channel Blockers?

Answer 22

Dizziness, Abnormal heart rhythms, Constipation

Question 23

Why aren’t calcium channel blockers prescribed to people who have had a myocardial infarction?

Answer 23

It can make symptoms worse or fatal

Question 24

What do diuretics do?

Answer 24

Increase volume of urine produced.

Question 25

How does increasing water loss decrease blood pressure?

Answer 25

Decreasing excess fluids and salt decreases blood plasma and cardiac output

Question 26

What are the side effects of diuretics?

Answer 26

Dizziness, Nausea, Muscle Cramps.

Question 27

What is the effect of aspirin on CVD?

Answer 27

Reduces the ‘stickiness’ of platelets and the likelihood of clot formation

Question 28

Give an example of an anticoagulant/ Platelet inhibitory treatment

Answer 28

Aspirin/ Clopidogrel/ Warfin

Question 29

What are Aspirin and Clopidogrel examples of?

Answer 29

Anticoagulants/ Platelet inhibitory treatment

Question 30

What do anticoagulants do?

Answer 30

Reduce the stickiness of platelets; reduce the likelihood of clots forming

Question 31

What are the risks of anticoagulants/Platelet inhibitory treatments?

Answer 31

Internal bleeding

Haemorrhage

Stomach ulcers

Question 32

What does Warfin do?

Answer 32

Thins the blood Affects the synthesis of clotting factors

Question 33

What is the difference between Asparin and Warfin?

Answer 33

Warfin can have greater effects; the risk of bleeding is much higher for Warfin than Asparin

Question 34

What are cholesterol lowering drugs collectively known as?

Answer 34

(Plant) Statins

Question 35

What is a risk of using statins?

Answer 35

Dizziness Allergies Muscle pain Liver/ kidney {damage / failure} Diabetes

Question 36

Why do multi-cellular organisms need a circulatory system?

Answer 36

Diffusion would be too slow (over distance) To distribute {oxygen / named material} to all parts of the animal ; Mass {flow / transport} ;

Question 37

What is the purpose of the aorta?

Answer 37

To carry oxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to cells of the body

Question 38

What is the purpose of the vena cava?

Answer 38

To return deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart

Question 39

What type of protein does active transport use?

Answer 39

Protein CARRIER

Question 40

What is the difference between a protein carrier and a channel protein?

Answer 40

Channels open and close; Carriers bind to the appropriate molecule and change shape (allowing entry)

Question 41

In atherosclerosis, what does a plaque consist of?

Answer 41

Fatty deposits

Question 42

How do plaques form in atherosclerosis?

Answer 42

Damage to the endothelial cells

Question 43

Where are the semilunar valves found?

Answer 43

The base of the aorta

Question 44

Where are elastic fibres found?

Answer 44

Tunica media

Question 45

What is the heart muscle in the walls of the heart known as?

Answer 45

CARDIAC/ Myogenic

Question 46

Give two differences between an artery and a capillary?

Answer 46