Heart and Circulation Flashcards
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What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
- transport of nutrients, oxygen and hormones throughout the body and removal of metabolic waste
- protection of the body by white blood cells, antibodies and complement proteins that circulate in the blood and defend the body against foreign microbes and toxins. (Clotting agents are also present that protect the body from loss of blood)
- regulation of body temperature, fluid pH, and water content of cells
What is the arterial system?
the vessels that carry blood around the body
What is microcirculation?
Where transfer of nutrients, waste and water occurs - capillaries, arterioles, venules
What is the function of the heart?
pumps blood around the cardiovascular system
What are the two circuits in the cardiovascular system?
- Pulmonary - carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart
- systemic - carries blood away from heart and delivers to tissues and organs, then returns blood back to heart - distinct form pulmonary circuit
Where does the functional aspect of the cardiovascular system occur?
In the capillaries where the exchange of gasses and nutrients occurs
Where is most blood in the heart found?
the left side
What side of the heart has higher muscle mass and why?
left side because it is used to pump blood around the body
What lines the walls of the heart
squamous epithelial cells
How does contraction work?
atria contract just before ventricles
What organ regulated blood volume? Why is blood volume important? What adds resistance to blood pressure?
the kidneys and to maintain blood pressure
arteries add pressure
What is the location of the heart?
lies centrally in the chest, between the lungs and pleura, in the middle mediastenum
What surrounds the heart?
pericardial sac of fibrous tissue that is lined by a serous, slippery membrane that secretes a small amount of lubricating fluid - mesothelial layers - allows free movement
What is the front of the heart called?
sternocostal surface
Where are the auricles found?
anterior surface of the outer walls of the atria