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cardiac biology > heart anatomy I > Flashcards

heart anatomy I Flashcards

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1
Q

layout the structures found on lateral view of mediastinum from anterior to posterior

A

sternum

anterior mediastinum

middle mediastinum

posterior mediastinum

vertabrae

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2
Q

where is the angle of louis located

A

2nd costal cartilage

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3
Q

angle of Lois is also known as

A

manubriosternal joint

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4
Q

what is the pericardium

A

fibrous sac that surrounds the heart

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5
Q

a feature of the pericardium

A

cannot be stretched

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6
Q

layers of pericardium reaching to the heart

A

fibrous pericardium

parietal layer of serous pericardium

visceral layer of serous pericardium

heart

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7
Q

what is the significance of transverse sinus

A

allow surgeons to isolate pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta

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8
Q

what is the oblique sinus

A

blind ending passage posterior to the heart formed by reflections of visceral and parietal pericardium

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9
Q

how many ligaments of pericardium are there

A

4

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10
Q

list down the ligaments of pericardium

A

vertebropericardial ligaments

superior sterno pericardial ligaments

xipho pericardial ligaments

phreno pericardial ligaments

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11
Q

what is the cardiac tamponade

A

accumulation of fluid at the pericardial sac

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12
Q

cardiac tamponade leads to

A

compression of the heart

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13
Q

3 signs of becks triad

A

low BP

muffled heart sounds

distension of jugular vein

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14
Q

what does becks triad cause

A

impairs ability to pump blood

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15
Q

what is pericardiocentesis

A

drainage of pericardial fluid

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16
Q

what is pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardium

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17
Q

how to relieve pain of pericarditis

A

knee close to heart (sitting down position)

18
Q

the heart is located at which mediastinum

A

middle

19
Q

long axis is parallel to what

A

interventricular septum

20
Q

short axis is located at

A

perpendicular to the long axis at the level of atrioventricular valves

21
Q

sturctures of heart

A

an apex

a base

3 surfaces

4 borders

22
Q

where is apex located

A

at furthermost point of heart and outermost

at the top of left ventricle

5th left intercostal space at the mid clavicular line

23
Q

where is the base of the heart

A

mainly at the left atrium

24
Q

what is immediately behind the base of the heart

A

oesophagus

25
Q

what is present at the superior borders of heart (2D concept)

A

RA

LA

auricles

great vessels

26
Q

what is located at right borderd of heart (2D concept)

A

RA between SVC and IVC

27
Q

what is the left borders of the 2D concept

A

mainly Lv

28
Q

what is the inferior border of heart (2D concept)

A

mainly RV

plus some LV

29
Q

what is the anterior surfaces of heart (3D concept)

A

mainly right ventricle

30
Q

what os at the left surfaces of the heart (3D)

A

left pulmonary

leaves cardiac impression on left lung

31
Q

what is at right surface (3D) of heart

A

right pulmonary

mainly right atrium

32
Q

what is the inferior surface of heart

A

mainly left ventricle

rests above central tendon of diaphragm

33
Q

what are the internal features of right atrium

A

opening of IVC

annulus fossae ovalis

fossa ovalis

cusp of right atrioventricular valve

papillary muscle with cordae tendinae

opening of coronary sinus

34
Q

where does coronary sinus drain

A

into the right atrium

35
Q

what is the patent foramen ovale

A

a hole in the heart that didnt close the way it shld after birth

36
Q

what is the coronary sinus

A

collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from heart muscle

37
Q

moderator band is also known as

A

septomarginal band

38
Q

what does moderator band do

A

carries part of the conducting system of the right bundle branch to the anterior papillary muscle

39
Q

features of left atrium

A

receives 4 valve less pulmonary veins

walls slightly thicker than RA

forms base of the heart

40
Q

how much thicker is the LV to the RV

A

2-3 times

41
Q

how do we calculate wall stress

A

(pressure x radius)/ wall thicknesss

cardiac biology (6 decks)

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