heart anatomy I Flashcards
layout the structures found on lateral view of mediastinum from anterior to posterior
sternum
anterior mediastinum
middle mediastinum
posterior mediastinum
vertabrae
where is the angle of louis located
2nd costal cartilage
angle of Lois is also known as
manubriosternal joint
what is the pericardium
fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
a feature of the pericardium
cannot be stretched
layers of pericardium reaching to the heart
fibrous pericardium
parietal layer of serous pericardium
visceral layer of serous pericardium
heart
what is the significance of transverse sinus
allow surgeons to isolate pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta
what is the oblique sinus
blind ending passage posterior to the heart formed by reflections of visceral and parietal pericardium
how many ligaments of pericardium are there
4
list down the ligaments of pericardium
vertebropericardial ligaments
superior sterno pericardial ligaments
xipho pericardial ligaments
phreno pericardial ligaments
what is the cardiac tamponade
accumulation of fluid at the pericardial sac
cardiac tamponade leads to
compression of the heart
3 signs of becks triad
low BP
muffled heart sounds
distension of jugular vein
what does becks triad cause
impairs ability to pump blood
what is pericardiocentesis
drainage of pericardial fluid
what is pericarditis
inflammation of pericardium
how to relieve pain of pericarditis
knee close to heart (sitting down position)
the heart is located at which mediastinum
middle
long axis is parallel to what
interventricular septum
short axis is located at
perpendicular to the long axis at the level of atrioventricular valves
sturctures of heart
an apex
a base
3 surfaces
4 borders
where is apex located
at furthermost point of heart and outermost
at the top of left ventricle
5th left intercostal space at the mid clavicular line
where is the base of the heart
mainly at the left atrium
what is immediately behind the base of the heart
oesophagus
what is present at the superior borders of heart (2D concept)
RA
LA
auricles
great vessels
what is located at right borderd of heart (2D concept)
RA between SVC and IVC
what is the left borders of the 2D concept
mainly Lv
what is the inferior border of heart (2D concept)
mainly RV
plus some LV
what is the anterior surfaces of heart (3D concept)
mainly right ventricle
what os at the left surfaces of the heart (3D)
left pulmonary
leaves cardiac impression on left lung
what is at right surface (3D) of heart
right pulmonary
mainly right atrium
what is the inferior surface of heart
mainly left ventricle
rests above central tendon of diaphragm
what are the internal features of right atrium
opening of IVC
annulus fossae ovalis
fossa ovalis
cusp of right atrioventricular valve
papillary muscle with cordae tendinae
opening of coronary sinus
where does coronary sinus drain
into the right atrium
what is the patent foramen ovale
a hole in the heart that didnt close the way it shld after birth
what is the coronary sinus
collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from heart muscle
moderator band is also known as
septomarginal band
what does moderator band do
carries part of the conducting system of the right bundle branch to the anterior papillary muscle
features of left atrium
receives 4 valve less pulmonary veins
walls slightly thicker than RA
forms base of the heart
how much thicker is the LV to the RV
2-3 times
how do we calculate wall stress
(pressure x radius)/ wall thicknesss
