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EKG Competency for RNs > Heart Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Heart Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardium

A

A double-walled sac that protects the heart.

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2
Q

Epicardium

A

The heart muscle lining the external surface of the heart wall.

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3
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle muscle layer which is the thickest and performs the work of the heart.

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

The inner muscular lining of the heart, continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels.

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5
Q

Starling’s Law

A

The force of the contraction of the heart depends on the length of the muscle fibers of the heart.

More blood volume produces a greater stretch which in turn results in a more forceful contraction.

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6
Q

Right Atria

A

Receives unoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava.

Supplies blood to the right ventricle via the “atrial kick.”

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7
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Makes up the anterior aspect of the heart.

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8
Q

Left Atria

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Supplies left ventricle with oxygenated blood via the “atrial kick.”

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9
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Forms the apex, inferior, and posterior parts of the heart.

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

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10
Q

Aortic Valve

A

Semilunar in shape

Fibrous flaps separating left ventricle from aorta

Three cusps

No muscle function to open/close

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11
Q

Pulmonic Valve

A

Semilunar in shape

Fibrous flaps that separate right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Three cusps

No muscle function to open/close

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12
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Valve between right atrium and right ventricle

Made up of three fibrous flaps

Has muscles attached that keep it closed during contractions so blood doesn’t flow backwards into the atria

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13
Q

Bicuspid/Mitral Valve

A

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle.

Two fibrous flaps attached to muscles close when the heart contracts, keeping blood from flowing back into the left atria.

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14
Q

Aorta

A

Largest vessel in the body

Takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and pumps it to body.

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15
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Returns deoxygenated blood from head and arms to the right atria.

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16
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Returns deoxygenated blood from the trunk and legs to the right atria.

17
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Only artery in the body to carry deoxygenated blood.

18
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

Transport blood back from the lungs to the left atria.

Only veins in the body to carry oxygenated blood.

19
Q

Describe the path of blood through the vessels, valves, and chambers of the cardiac system.

A

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atria through the superior and inferior vena cava.

Blood passes from right atria to right ventricle via the tricuspid valve.

Blood exits the right ventricle and enters the pulmonary arteries via the pulmonic valve.

Blood circulates the lungs and returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.

Oxygenated blood enters the left atria from the pulmonary veins.

Blood goes from left atria to left ventricle via the mitral valve.

Blood exits the left ventricle and passes to the aorta and out into the body via the aortic valve.

20
Q

Systole

A

Ventricles contract

Atria relax and fill

Increasing blood volume causes increased pressure that makes the ventricles contract.

21
Q

Diastole

A

Ventricles are relaxed and filling while the atria contract.

Blood moves passively from the atria to the ventricles.

22
Q

Atrial Kick

A

Atrial contraction forcing an additional 15-30% of blood into the ventricles at the end of diastole.

23
Q

Name the five regions of the heart that correlate with a 12-lead EKG.

A

Inferior

Posterior

Lateral

Septal

Anterior

24
Q

Identify the following coronary arteries:

A
25
Q

Automaticity

A

The heart’s ability to generate its own electrical impulse.

26
Q

Contractility

A

The ability of cardiac cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus, creating the pumping action that ejects blood from the heart.

27
Q

Excitability

A

The heart’s ability to react to and change the rate of contraction in response to stimuli.

28
Q

Conductivity

A

The heart’s ability to transmit electrical impulses from cell to cell.

EKG Competency for RNs (4 decks)

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