Heart Anatomy

Question 1

Heart Chambers

Answer 1

The heart is subdivided by septa into right and left halves, and a constriction subdivides each half of the organ into two cavities, the upper cavity being called the atrium, the lower the ventricle. The heart, therefore, consists of four chambers:

right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle

Question 2

Heart Grooves

Answer 2

The division of the heart into four cavities is indicated on its surface by grooves

• The atria are separated from the ventricles by the coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove): posterior of the atrioventricular groove runs the great cardiac vein into the coronary sinus and the circumflex artery.
• The interatrial groove, separating the two atria: posterior surface while anteriorly it is hidden by the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta.
• the anterior longitudinal sulcus, is situated on the sternocostal surface of the heart, close to its left margin. The anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery runs in the sulcus along with the great cardiac vein. Separate the ventricles.
• posterior longitudinal sulcus, on the diaphragmatic surface near the right margin. posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein. Separate the ventricles.

Question 3

Great Cardiac Vein

Answer 3

runs in the anterior interventricular groove and flows into the coronary sinus in the posterior atrioventricular groove

Question 4

Circumflex artery

Answer 4

From left coronary artery. Supply heart with oxygenated blood.
posterior coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove).

Question 5

Coronary sinus

Answer 5

The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium). It delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium
runs in posterior atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus)

Question 6

Heart Surfaces

Answer 6

-posterior surface (base)
directed upward, backward and to the right
formed mainly by the left atrium and little by the right atrium
-apex
directed downward, forward and to the left
formed by the left ventricle
-anterior (sternocostal) surface
directed forward, upward and to the left
formed mainly by the right ventricle inferiorly and superiorly by the atria
-inferior (diaphragmatic) surface
directed downward, slightly backwards
formed by the ventricles
rests mainly upon the central tendon of the diaphragm
-right surface
long; formed by right atrium superiorly and right ventricle inferiorly
-left (pulmonary) surface
shorter rounded; formed mainly by the left ventricle and a little superiorly by the left atrium

Question 7

Arterial supply and venous drainage

Answer 7

Arterial supply is from the coronary arteries with coronary arterial dominance describing the dominant vessel supplying the interventricular septum.
Venous drainage is via the variable coronary veins and the coronary sinus.

Question 8

Heart Wall

Answer 8

Thicker on the left side because higher pressure

epicardium: outer layer, protective
myocardium: middle layer, mauscle
endocardium: inner layer