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Advanced Anatomy And Physiology > Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System Made up of:

A

Heart
Arteries
Veins
Blood

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2
Q

Cardiovascular system function:

A

Transportation
Blood= Transport vehicle
Carries oxygen , nutrients wastes , and hormones
Movement provided by pumping heart

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3
Q

Heart function

A

Responsible for circulation of the blood

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4
Q

What does two pump in one mean?

A

One propels blood through pulmonary circulation

Other propels blood through the systemic circulation

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5
Q

Anatomy of the heart

A

Hollow, muscular organ located in the center of the thorax

Weight approximately 300g

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6
Q

What influences the weight and size of the heart?

A

Age, gender,body weight, extent of physical exercise and conditioning, and heart disease

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7
Q

Location of the heart

A

Located in the thoracic cavity between lungs in a space within mediastinum called pericardial cavity

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8
Q

Why is it important to know the heart placement ?

A

For auscultation,ECGs, CPR

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9
Q

5 areas for listening to the heart

A 
Aortic 
Pulmonic
ERB’s point
Tricuspid 
Mitral
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10
Q

Aortic location

A

Right 2nd intercostal space

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11
Q

Pulmonic location

A

Left 2nd intercostal space

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12
Q

ERB’s point location

A

left 3rd intercostal space (S1-S2)

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13
Q

Tricuspid location

A

Lower left sternal border 4th intercostal space

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14
Q

Mitral location

A

Left 5th intercostal space, medial to midclavicularline

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15
Q

In a normal heart,where is the PMI located?

A

At the intersection of the midclavicular line of the left chest wall and the fifth intercostal space

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16
Q

Pericadium?

A

A thin, fibrous sac that encased the heart

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17
Q

The two layers of the pericardium are:

A

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

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18
Q

Serous pericardium have two layers

A

Parietal

Visceral

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19
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

A tough fibrous tissue that attaches to the great vessels, diaphragm, sternum,and vertebral columns and support the heart in the mediastinum

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20
Q

The space between the parietal and visceral pericardium is?

A

The pericardial space

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21
Q

The pericardial space

A

Filled with about 20 mL of fluid, which lubricates the surface of the heart and reduces friction during systole

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22
Q

3 layers of the heart

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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23
Q

Endocardium

A

The inner layer, consists of endothelial tissue and lines the inside of the heart and valves

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24
Q

Myocardium

A

The middle layer, made up of muscle fibers and is responsible for the pumping action

25
Q

Epicardium

A

The exterior layer of the heart

26
Q

True or false

myocardium of the left ventricle is much thicker than the right

A

True

27
Q

The right side of the heart

A

Distributes venous blood (deoxygenated) to the lungs via the pulmonary artery (pulmonary circulation)

28
Q

True or false

The pulmonary artery is not the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood

A

False

It is The Only one that does it

29
Q

The left side of the heart

A

Distributes oxygenated blood to the remainder of the body via the aorta (systemic circulation)

30
Q

True or false

Four pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium

A

True

31
Q

True or false

The ventricular walls are much thinner than the atrial walls

A

False, they are thicker

32
Q

Why are the myocardial layer of both the atria is much thinner than that of the ventricles?

A

Because there is little resistance as blood flows out of the atria and into the ventricles during diastole

33
Q

Systemic mean

A

Oxygenated blood

34
Q

Systemic circulation pathway:

A 
Left pulmonary vein 
Left atrium →bicuspid valve
Left ventricle →aortic semilunar valve
Aorta 
All other tissue
35
Q

What happen during the relaxation phase?

A

All four chambers relax simultaneously,which allows the ventricles to fill in preparation for contraction

36
Q

What causes the pumping action of the heart?

A

The rhythmic relaxation and contraction of the muscular walls of the atria and ventricles

37
Q

Diastole

A

The period of ventricular filling, refers to the events in the heart during contraction of the atria and the ventricles

38
Q

True or false

Atria and ventricular systole are not simultaneous events

A

True

Atrial systole occurs first, just at the end of diastole, followed by ventricular systole

39
Q

The heart valves

A

Composed of thin leaflets of fibrous tissue, open and close in response to the movement of blood and pressure changes within the chambers

40
Q

The two types of valves are:

A

Atrioventricular (AV)

Semilunar

41
Q

When the heart is relaxed:

A

Blood passively fills atrium
Flows right past tricuspid/bicuspid valves
Semilunar valves remain shut

42
Q

When the heart contracts (pump):

A

Tricuspid/ bicuspid valves swing up and shut
Blood ejected out of ventricle
Semilunar valves open up

43
Q

True or false

The AV valves separate the atria from the ventricles

A

True

44
Q

The tricuspid valve

A

Composed of three cusps or leaflets, separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

45
Q

The bicuspid or mitral valve

A

Lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle

46
Q

The papillary muscle

A

Located on the sides of the ventricular walls, are connected to the valve leaflets by the chordae tendineae

47
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

Thin fibrous bands

48
Q

Pulmonic valve

A

The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

49
Q

Aortic valve

A

The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

50
Q

How many branches does the left coronary artery have?

A

3

51
Q

The first major branch of the left coronary artery is called:

A

The left main coronary artery

52
Q

The left anterior descending artery

A

Courses down the anterior wall of the heart

53
Q

The circumflex artery

A

Circles around to the lateral left wall of the heart

54
Q

The right side of the heart is supplied by:

A

The right coronary artery, which travels to the inferior wall of the heart

55
Q

Posterior descending artery

A

Supply blood to the posterior wall of the heart

56
Q

True or false

The coronary veins are superficial to the coronary arteries

A

True

57
Q

Great cardiac vein

A

Major vein draining tissue on the left side of heart

58
Q

Small cardiac vein

A

Drains right margin of heart

59
Q

Atherosclerosis is

A

Clogging of arteries

Advanced Anatomy And Physiology (2 decks)

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