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CardioRenal I > Heart anatomy > Flashcards

Heart anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

superior mediastinum

A

from superior thoracic aperture to transverse toracic plane between the sternal angle and the infeiror border of T4

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2
Q

Anterior Inferior Mediastinum

A

anteriror to the heart and pericardium- filled with fat, fibrous tissue, thymus

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3
Q

Middle inferior mediastinum

A

centrally located in the thoracic cavity- contains the heart and pericardium

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4
Q

Posterior inferiror mediastinum

A

posterior to the heart and pericardium

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5
Q

Components of the pericardium

A

1.) Fibrous Pericardium 2.) Serous Pericardium

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6
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

External layer of DCT (deosnt stretch) - anchored to the diaphragm and to the sternum

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7
Q

which ligaments anchor the fibrous pericardium

A

1.) Pericardiophrenic ligament (to diaphragm) 2.) Sternopericardial ligament (to sternum)

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8
Q

Serous pericardium components

A

1.) Parietal Layer 2.) Visceral Pericadium

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9
Q

Parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

fuses with the inside of the fibrous pericardium and is continuous with the visceral pericardium

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10
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

fused with the heart (epicardium) - coats the heart

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11
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

closed space between th parietal and visceral layers between the serous pericardium (contains thin layer of fluid)

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12
Q

Transverse Sinus

A

Part of the pericardial sac that lies posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk (separates arteries from veins) - important in surgery to stop circulation

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13
Q

Oblique Sinus

A

J-shaped cul de sac behind the heart surrounded by the reflection of serous pericardium around the left and right pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava

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14
Q

Blood supply to the pericardium

A

Mainly from pericardiphrenic artery

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15
Q

Pericardiphenic artery is a branch of what

A

internal thoracic artery

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16
Q

Pericardihrenic vein is a tributary to what

A

internal throacic vein

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17
Q

Innervation of the pericardium

A

Sensory: Phrenic Pain: refered to ipsilateral shoulder (dermatome 3-5)

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18
Q

Cardiac Tampanade

A

fluid buildup in the pericardial cavity (fibrous layer of pericardium does not stretch) causing compression and mechanical stretch of the heart

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19
Q

Apex of the heart is formed by

A

left ventricle located in the 5th intercostal space

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20
Q

Sternocostal surface of the heart formed by

A

right ventricle

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21
Q

Diapraghmatic (inferior) surface of the heart formed by

A

left ventricle (partially right ventricle)

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22
Q

Left pulmonary surface

A

formed by left ventricle

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23
Q

Right Pulmonary surface

A

formed by right atrium

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24
Q

Posterior surface (base of the heart)

A

consists mostly of left atrium

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25
Q

what separtes the posterior surface (base of the heart) from the diaphragmatic surface

A

coronary sulcus with its coronary sinus

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26
Q

inferior/acute margin

A

formed primarily by right ventricle

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27
Q

obtuse margin

A

formed primarily by left ventricle

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28
Q

acute margin separates what two surfaces

A

sternocostal and diaphragmatic

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29
Q

Left margin

A

between the base and the left pulmonary surface - formed by left ventricle and left auricle

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30
Q

Right margin

A

between the sternocostal and right pulmonary surface - formed by right atrium

31
Q

Obtuce margin separates what two surfaces

A

sternocostal and left lateral surface

32
Q

layers of the heart wall

A

1.) Epicardium (visceral layer of pericardium) 2.) Myocardium 3.) Endocardium

33
Q

Coronary Sulcus

A

circles the heart and separates the atria from the ventricles

34
Q

Contents of the coronary sulcus

A

right coronary artery, small cardiac vein, circumflex branc of left coronary artery, coronary sinus

35
Q

Interventricular Sinus

A

boundary between left and right ventricles (both anterior and posterior)

36
Q

contents of anterio interventricular sinus

A

anteriror interventricular artery and great cardiac vein

37
Q

contents of posterior interventricular sinus

A

posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein

38
Q

divisions of the right atrium

A

1.) Sinus Vena Cavae 2.) Atrium Proper

39
Q

what separates the atrium proper from the sinus vena cavae externally

A

sulcus terminalis

40
Q

what separates the atrium proper from the sinus vena cavae internally

A

crista terminalis

41
Q

the sinus vena cavae is derived from which embryological structure

A

sinus venosus

42
Q

Features of the Sinus Vena Cavae

A

smooth thin walls, vena cava and coronary sinus open into this space

43
Q

coronary sinus

A

receives blood form most of the cardiac veins and opens MEDIALLY into the sinus vena cavae

44
Q

Features of the atrioventricular septum

A

riggt atrioventricular orifice with tricuspid valve

45
Q

Interatrial septum

A

separates the left and right atria

46
Q

Features of the interatrial septum (right)

A

fossa ovalis (small circular depression) with a prominent margin called the limbus fossae ovalis

47
Q

Atrium Proper

A

pectinate muscles (ridges) cover its surfcae

48
Q

what forms a bulk of the anterior of the heart

A

Right ventricle

49
Q

what separates the inflow portion of the right ventricle from the outflow tract

A

supraventricular crest (muscular ridge)

50
Q

the right atrioventricular orifice contains what valve

51
Q

trabeculae carnae

A

muscular ridges of the ventricle

52
Q

Anterior Papillary Muscle (right ventricle)

A

largest and most consistent. Arises from the anterior wall of the ventricle and extends to the anterior and posteriro valves of the tricuspid valve

53
Q

Posterior Papillary Muscle (right ventricle)

A

some chordae tendinae aruse directly from the ventricular wall and extend to the posterior and septal valves of the the tricuspid valve

54
Q

Septal Papillary Muscle (right ventricle)

A

most inconsistent (may be small or absent) - cords extend to the anterior valves of tricuspid

55
Q

Septomarginal trabeculae (modulator band)

A

isolated band of trabeculae carnae that forms a bridge between the base of the anterior papillary muscles and interventricular septum

56
Q

purpose of septomarginal trabecule (modulator band)

A

prevents over distention of the ventrucle, carries the right limb of the AV bundle from the IV septum

57
Q

what three cusps make up the tricuspid valve

A

anterior, posterior, septal

58
Q

purpose of papillary muslces

A

hold down the vavle to prevent it from reopening in systole

59
Q

outflow region of the right ventricle

A

leads to the pulmonary track

60
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

semilunar cusps (left, right, anterior)

61
Q

components of the pulmonary valve

A

1.) Cusps 2.) Sinus (pocket) 3.) Nodule (medial thickened prtion of each cusp) 4.) Lunula (lateral portion of the free superior edge)

62
Q

Ebstein’s anomoly

A

congenital defect where the tricuspid valve is displaced towar th apex of the heart (valves are no longer in the same plane)

63
Q

inflow portion of the left atrium

A

posterior portion of the left atrium that recieves four pulmonary veins . Smooth walls

64
Q

Anterior portion of the left atrium

A

Atrium porper

65
Q

pectinate muscles (left atrium)

A

smaller than in the right atrium

66
Q

Features of the interatrial septum (left)

A

contains valve for the foramen ovale

67
Q

largest chamber of the heart

A

left ventricle

68
Q

what attach papillary muscles to valve leaflets

A

chordae tendinae

69
Q

how do trabeculae carnae differ in the right ventricle

A

fine and delicate

70
Q

left atrioventricular orifice contains what valve

A

mitral valve (anterior and posterior cusps)

71
Q

left ventricle outflow tract contains what valve

A

aortic valve (left right, POSTERIOR)

72
Q

features of aortic valve

A

sinus, nodules lunules, and openings form the right and left coronary arteries

73
Q

components of the interventricular septum (left)

A

1.) Muscular part (thick -forms major part of the septum) 2.) Membranous part (thin and forms upper part of the septum)

CardioRenal I (13 decks)

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