Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the path taken around the heart by the right coronary artery?

A
  • Originates from the right aortic sinus

- Travels between the right auricle and pulmonary trunk and through the coronary sulcus to the base of the heart

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2
Q

What does the right coronary artery branch into and what parts of the heart do they supply?

A

Posterior interventricular coronary artery - right and left ventricles, posterior third interventricular septum

Right marginal coronary artery - right ventricle and the apex

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3
Q

What is the path taken by the left coronary artery?

A

Travels between the left auricle and pulmonary trunk into the coronary sulcus

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4
Q

What does the left coronary artery branch into and what parts of the heart do they supply?

A

Anterior interventricular coronary artery - Right and left ventricles, anterior 2/3 interventricular septum

Circumflex coronary artery - Left atrium and left ventricle

Left marginal coronary artery - Left ventricle

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5
Q

What veins drain into the right atrium?

A
  • Coronary sinus
  • Superior vena cavae
  • Inferior vena cavae
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6
Q

Where is the coronary sinus situated? (The main draining vein of the heart)

A

Inferior to the left atrium

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7
Q

What is the path taken by the great cardiac vein?

A
  • Originates from the apex of the heart
  • Travels along the anterior interventricular vein
  • Turns left at coronary sulcus and goes into the coronary sinus
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8
Q

What are the main branches of the aorta?

A
  • Brachiocephalic
  • Left carotid artery
  • Left subclavian artery
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9
Q

Outline the differences between the regions of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary arteries

A

Right - right atrium, SA and AV nodes, posterior part of interventricular septum

Left - left atrium, left ventricle, intraventricular septum, AV bundles

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10
Q

What is the function of pacemaker cells and where are they found?

A
  • Generate cardiac action potential

- Wall of right atrium

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11
Q

Name the inflow valves of the heart chambers and state their locations

A

Mitral - between left atrium and left ventricle

Tricuspid - between right atrium and left ventricle

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12
Q

Name the outflow valves of the heart chambers and state their locations

A

Aortic - between left ventricle and aorta

Pulmonary - between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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13
Q

How does the anterior surface of the right atrium differ from the posterior surface?

A

Smooth, thin posterior surface is derived from the right horn of sinus venosus

Rough, muscular anterior wall is composed of pectinate muscles and is derived from the primitive atrium

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14
Q

What separates the two surfaces of the right atrium?

A

Crista terminals internally and sulcus terminalis externally

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15
Q

Describe the structure of the left atrium

A

Large smooth walled part and smaller muscular auricle contacting pectinate muscles

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16
Q

Where do the four pulmonary vein enter the left atrium?

A

Smooth posterior wall

17
Q

Describe the structure and function of the tricuspid valve

A
  • Three cusps - anterior, posterior and septal
  • Attached to anterior, posterior and septal papillary muscles via chordae tendinae
  • Prevents black flow of blood into the right atria from the right ventricle during systole and guard the AV orifice
18
Q

How does the structure of the mitral valve differ from the tricuspid valve?

A

Consists of two cusps opposed to three - anterior and posterior

19
Q

Describe the structure of the semilunar valves

A
  • Three cusps - right, left and posterior
  • Edge of each cusp is thickened in the region of contact forming a lunule (bivalve)
  • Free edge of the cusp is thickened further forming a nodule
20
Q

How do the semilunar valves differ from atrioventricular valves?

A

No tendinous cords to support them or papillary muscles

21
Q

What is the function of the chordae tendinae?

A

Prevent cusps of the tricuspid and mitral valves from prolapsing into the right atrium during systole