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DMD 5247 > Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Why does the hear function as a dual pump?

A

It pumps blood through the pulmonary and the systemic circuits.

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2
Q

two main chambers of the heart

A

atria and ventricles

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3
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A
  • carries blood to and from the lungs

- right ventricle is the pump

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4
Q

systemic circuit

A
  • transports blood to and from the body tissues

- left ventricle is the pump

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5
Q

general orientation of the heart

A

lies on the diaphragm, posterior to the sternum, in the mediastinum

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6
Q

Base

A

posterior and superior surface of the heart

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7
Q

Apex

A
  • anterior and inferior, points to the left hip

- level of the fifth left intercostal space

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8
Q

Mediastinum is located in:

A

Located within the thoracic cavity

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9
Q

Subdivisions of the mediastinum

A

Superior Mediastinum

Inferior Mediastinum

  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • ->Anterior
  • -> Middle: pericardium and heart
  • -> Posterior
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10
Q

3 layers of the pericardium

A
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Serous pericardium
  • -> Parietal layer
  • -> visceral layer
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11
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

contains serous fluid

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12
Q

Pericardium functions

A
  • prevents undesired movements
  • prevents overfilling of the heart
  • reduces friction
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13
Q

Pericarditis

A

-inflammation of pericardium

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14
Q

three major layers of the heart wall

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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15
Q

what kinds of tissues make up the epicardium

A

simple squamous epithelium

arreolar connective tissue and fat

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16
Q

what does the myocardium consist of

A
  • cardiac muscle
  • bulk of the heart wall
  • myocardial infarctions occur here
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17
Q

what layer of the pericardium is present in the epicardium

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

18
Q

endocardium consists of:

A

arreolar connective tissue and endothelium

19
Q

what does the endocardium do

A

lines the heart chambers and covers the valves

20
Q

what vessels transport oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

21
Q

what are the conducting nodes

A

sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node

22
Q

what supports the right AV valve

A

the papillary muscles and the chord tendinae

23
Q

left atrium

A

receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins

24
Q

left ventricle

A

pump of the systemic circuit: ejects oxygen-rich blood into the aorta

25
Q

which heart chamber is the most muscular

A

left ventricle: wall is three times thicker than the right ventricle

26
Q

Valves structure

A
  • composed of dense connective tissue

- 2 or 3 cusps

27
Q

Valves function

A
  • permit passage of blood in one direction

- permit back flow of blood

28
Q

Right AV valve location

A

inferior portion of the body of the sternum

29
Q

Left AV valve location

A

left fifth intercostal space

30
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve

A

second left intercostal space

31
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

second right intercostal space

32
Q

Lub sound

A

closure of the AV valves

33
Q

Dub sound

A

closure of the semilunar valves

34
Q

Fibrous skeleton

A

connective tissue located between the atria and th ventricles

35
Q

Functions of the fibrous skeleton

A
  • separates the atria and the ventricles(structurally and electrically
  • anchors heart valves
  • framework for cardiac muscle attachment
36
Q

chambers and major vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood

A 
coronary veins 
coronary sinus
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava 
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries
37
Q

oxygen-rich blood

A 
pulmonary veins
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
coronary arteries
38
Q

Blood flow through the heart

A 
Systemic veins
superior and inferior venae cavae
right atrium
right atrioventricular valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve 
pulmonary trunk and arteries
gas exchange in the lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
left atrioventricular valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
aorta
systemic arteries
gas and nutrient exchange in peripheral tissues
39
Q

Branches of right coronary artery

A

posterior interventricular artery

right marginal artery

40
Q

Branches of left coronary artery

A

circumflex artery

anterior interventricular artery

41
Q

myocardial infarction

A

commonly called a heart attack
caused by blockage of a coronary artery
-most commonly the left anterior interventricular artery: which is also called the left anterior descending artery

42
Q

what causes the heart muscle to die

A

lack of blood flow to a region of the myocardium can cause heart muscle to die because of lack of oxygen

DMD 5247 (13 decks)

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