Blood Vessel Anatomy Flashcards
arteries
transport blood away from the heart
carry oxygen rich blood in the systemic circuit
oxygen poor blood in the pulmonary circuit and umbilical arteries
anastomosis
two or more arteries converge to supply the same body region
capillaries
location of gas and nutrient exchange between blood and tissues
veins
transport blood towards the heart
carry oxygen poor blood in the systemic circuit
carry oxygen rich blood in the pulmonary circuit and the umbilical vein
tunica intima
simple squamous epithelium
endothelium
tunica media
circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers
location of vasodilation and vasoconstriction
tunica externa
collagen and elastic fibers
which layer is thickest in the arteries
tunica media
what is the only layer present in capillaries and what is one unique feature
tunica intima
-allow rapid gas exchange
which layer is thickest in the veins
tunica externa
do the veins have a smaller tunica media than arteries
yes
what structure is unique to veins
valves
elastic arteries
largest arteries
conducting arteries
high elastin content
aorta and its major branches
conducting arteries
between heart and muscular arteries
high elastin content
stretch and recoil to dampen blood pressure changes resulting from contractions of heart
aorta and its major branches
brachiocephalic
common carotid
subclavian
common iliac arteries
muscular arteries
distributing arteries
thick tunica media
diameter of lumen changes to regulate amount of blood flow to organs
distributing arteries
distribute blood to the body organs
muscular arteries commonly seen in lab
brachial
coronary
inferior mesenteric arteries
arterioles
primary resistance vessels
diameter is regulated by
-local tissue factors
-sympathetic nervous system
capillaries
smallest vessels
endothelium only
gas, nutrient, and waste exchange
venules
- smallest veins
- primary location of diapedesis
continuous capillary
- most common type
- muscle, skin, thymus, lungs, and the CNS
fenestrated capillary
small intestine, most endocrine glands, kidneys
sinusoid capillary
bone marrow, spleen, liver
veins
- return blood to the heart
- act as a blood reservoir
- walls of veins are thinner than those of comparable arteries
- low blood pressure in veins
- most veins contain valves
- skeletal muscle contractions help pump blood toward the heart
what do valves do
prevent backflow of blood
varicose veins
dysfunctional valves leads to blood pooling in the superficial limb veins
what are some causes of the dysfunctional valves present in the varicose vein condition
- genetic predisposition
- aging
- strain that inhibits venous return
hemorrhoids
varicose veins of the anorectal region caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure
fetal circulation
umbilical cord
ductus venosus
foramen ovale
ductus arteriosus
umbilical cord contains:
2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein
ductus venosus
-takes blood from umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
keeps it away from the liver
foramen ovale
diverts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium
bypassing the immature lungs
ductus arteriosus
diverts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch
bypassing the immature lungs
arterial blood pressure
100 mmHg at the entrance to the aorta
35 mm Hg at the start of a capillary network
capillary hydrostatic pressure
pressure within capillary walls
35 mm Hg at the beginning and 18 mm hG at the end
venous pressure
pressure within the venous system
18 mm Hg to 2 mm Hg
Total peripheral resistence
- vascular resistance
- blood viscosity
- turbulence
vascular resistance
-friction between blood and vessel walls
2 major components of vascular resistance
- vessel length
- vessel diameter
blood closest to the center or the vessel or the vessel wall encounters the most friction?
near the wall
what increases blood viscosity and what decreases blood viscosity
polycythemia increases blood viscosity and anemia decreases blood viscosity
turbulence is caused by
high flow rates
irregular surfaces
sudden changes in vessel diameter
turbulence creates
eddies and swirls
turbulence most commonly occurs
between atria and ventricles
between ventricles and aortic/pulmonary trunks
atherosclerotic plaque
pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
mean arterial pressure (MAP)
diastolic pressure + (1/3)pulse pressure
cases of abnormal blood pressure
hypertension
hypotension
orthostatic hypotension
hypertension
diet modification and blood pressure medication
greater than 140/90
hypotension
below 90/60
can cause adverse effects at just 20 mm Hg below normal
orthostatic hypotension
caused by sudden change in body position
elastic rebound
arteries recoil, pushing blood towards capillaries
what happens to MAP and pulse pressure as the distance from the heart increases
MAP and pulse pressure decrease
venous return
-amount of blood arriving at the right atrium each minute
BP at the right atrium is 2 mm Hg
BP at the venules is 18 mm Hg
aortic branches
- brachiocephalic trunk
- right common carotid artery
- right subclavian artery
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
right common carotid artery
right external carotid artery
right internal carotid artery
right subclavian artery
right vertebral artery
right internal thoracic artery
right axillary artery
left common carotid artery
left external carotid artery
left internal carotid artery
left subclavian artery
left vertebral artery
left internal thoracic artery
left axillary artery
is the brachiocephalic trunk on the left or the right
right
artery branches to the arm
- subclavian
- axillary
- brachial
- radial
- ulnar
paired arteries
- intercostal
- renal
- suprarenal
- gonadal
- lumbar
- common iliac
- internal iliac
- external iliac
- femoral
unpaired arteries
- celiac trunk
- splenic arteries
- left gastric arteries
- common hepatic arteries
- superior mesenteric arteries
- inferior mesenteric arteries
- median sacral artery
artery branches to the leg
- femoral
- deep femoral
- popliteal
- anterior tibial
- posterior tibial
- fibular
veins draining into the superior vena cava
- subclavian
- external jugular
- internal jugular
- brachiocephalic
- superior vena cava
- internal thoracic
- intercostal
- azygous
vein branches from the arm
- ulnar
- radial
- brachial
- axillary
- subclavian
- basilic
- cephalic
- median cubital
veins draining into the inferior vena cava
great saphenous femoral external iliac internal iliac common iliac inferior vena cava lumbar gonadal renal suprarenal hepatic
vein branches from the leg
fibular posterior tibial anterior tibial popliteal deep femoral femoral great saphenous
hepatic portal system
hepatic portal vein superior mesenteric vein -inferior mesenteric vein -splenic vein -right gastroepiploic vein -gastric vein
artery branches to the head
- superficial temporal artery
- posterior auricular artery
- occipital artery
- maxillary artery
- facial artery
- ascending pharyngeal artery
- lingual artery
- internal carotid artery
- external carotid artery
- carotid sinus
- common carotid artery
- vertebral artery
- thyrocervical trunk
- subclavian artery
vein branches to the head
superficial temporal vein posterior auricular vein maxillary vein pharyngeal vein facial vein lingual vein superior thyroid vein internal thoracic vein vertebral vein external jugular vein internal jugular vein subclavian vein right brachiocephalic vein
