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ESA 2 > Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

Heart Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

Branches of the right coronary artery

A

Right marginal artery

Posterior interventricular artery

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1
Q

Branches of the left coronary artery

A

Left circumflex artery
Left marginal artery
Left anterior descending artery (LAD)

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2
Q

What three structures are associated with valves

A

Cordae tendinae (tendons)
Attach to papillary muscles
Attach to trabeculae carnae which prevents dilation

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3
Q

Cause of cardiomegaly

A

Backflow

Stenosis of valves

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4
Q

Auscultation points

A

Aortic - 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border
Pulmonary - 2nd intercostal space, left sternal border
Tricuspid - 4th intercostal space, left sternal border
Mitral - 5th intercostal space, left mid-clavicular line

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5
Q

Normal cardiothoracic ratio

A

Below 50%

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6
Q

Why a murmer can be heard

A

Turbulence or backflow

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7
Q

Region supplied and vein draining region for the right coronary artery

A

Right atrium, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, posterior part of interventricular septum.

Small and middle cardiac veins

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8
Q

Region supplied by and vein draining region of the right marginal artery

A

Right ventricle and apex

Small and middle cardiac vein

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9
Q

Region supplied by and vein draining region of the posterior interventricular artery

A

Right and left ventricles, posterior third of interventricular septum

Left posterior ventricular vein

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10
Q

Region supplied by and vein draining region of the left coronary artery

A

Left atrium and ventricle, interventricular septum, AV bundles

Great cardiac vein

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11
Q

Region supplied by and vein draining region of the left anterior descending artery.

A

Right and left ventricles, anterior half of interventricular septum

Great cardiac vein

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12
Q

Region supplied by and vein draining region of the left marginal artery

A

Left ventricle

Left marginal vein and great cardiac vein

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13
Q

Region supplied by and vein draining region of the circumflex artery

A

Left atrium and ventricle

Great cardiac vein

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14
Q

Branches of the arch of the aorta

A

Brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries

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15
Q

What veins join to form the superior and inferior vena cava?

A

Superior - brachiocephalic veins

Inferior - common iliac veins

16
Q

Name of the depression in the interatrial septum and its foetal origin

A

Fossa ovalis from the foramen ovale

17
Q

Brief description of conduction in the heart

A

Excitation signal made by SAN
Wave of excitation across the atria causing contraction
Signal delayed at AVN
Conducted into bundle of His, down the interventricular septum
Bundle of His and purkinje fibres spread wave along ventricles, causing them to contract

18
Q

Functions of the endocardium

A

Lines the inside of the heart
Regulates contractions
Aids cardiac embryological development (endocardial cushions)

19
Q

Describe the subendocardial layer

A

Joins endocardium and myocardium
Loose fibrous tissue
Vessels and nerves of the conducting system of the heart
Contains purkinje fibres

20
Q

Functions of the pericardium

A

Fixes heart in the mediastinum and limits its motion
Prevents overfilling as is inextensible
Lubrication
Protection from infection as is a physical barrier between the heart and adjacent organs prone to infection

21
Q

Structure of the pericardium

A

Fibrous - continuous with central tendon of the diaphragm. Tough connective tissue, non distensable. Prevents rapid overfilling of the heart

Serous - made from mesothelium
- outer parietal layer which lines fibrous pericardium
- internal visceral layer forms the epicardium
Pericardial cavity with serous fluid to minimise friction

22
Q

Vessels in front and behind the transverse pericardial sinus

A

In front: ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Behind: superior vena cava
Below: left atrium

23
Q

Innervation of the pericardium by the

A

Phrenic nerve

24
Q

State the structures in the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum

A

Anterior - thymus
Middle - heart/pericardium
Posterior - aorta/oesophagus

25
Q

Position of the oblique sinus

A

Surrounds the veins, posterior to the left atrium.

26
Q

State the branches of the left and right coronary arteries and the veins they are associated with.

A

Right - right marginal artery (small cardiac vein), posterior interventricular artery

Left - left anterior descending (anterior interventricular artery) (great cardiac vein) and circumflex

ESA 2 (46 decks)

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