Heart Anatomy Flashcards
Branches of the right coronary artery
Right marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery
Branches of the left coronary artery
Left circumflex artery
Left marginal artery
Left anterior descending artery (LAD)
What three structures are associated with valves
Cordae tendinae (tendons)
Attach to papillary muscles
Attach to trabeculae carnae which prevents dilation
Cause of cardiomegaly
Backflow
Stenosis of valves
Auscultation points
Aortic - 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border
Pulmonary - 2nd intercostal space, left sternal border
Tricuspid - 4th intercostal space, left sternal border
Mitral - 5th intercostal space, left mid-clavicular line
Normal cardiothoracic ratio
Below 50%
Why a murmer can be heard
Turbulence or backflow
Region supplied and vein draining region for the right coronary artery
Right atrium, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, posterior part of interventricular septum.
Small and middle cardiac veins
Region supplied by and vein draining region of the right marginal artery
Right ventricle and apex
Small and middle cardiac vein
Region supplied by and vein draining region of the posterior interventricular artery
Right and left ventricles, posterior third of interventricular septum
Left posterior ventricular vein
Region supplied by and vein draining region of the left coronary artery
Left atrium and ventricle, interventricular septum, AV bundles
Great cardiac vein
Region supplied by and vein draining region of the left anterior descending artery.
Right and left ventricles, anterior half of interventricular septum
Great cardiac vein
Region supplied by and vein draining region of the left marginal artery
Left ventricle
Left marginal vein and great cardiac vein
Region supplied by and vein draining region of the circumflex artery
Left atrium and ventricle
Great cardiac vein
Branches of the arch of the aorta
Brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries
What veins join to form the superior and inferior vena cava?
Superior - brachiocephalic veins
Inferior - common iliac veins
Name of the depression in the interatrial septum and its foetal origin
Fossa ovalis from the foramen ovale
Brief description of conduction in the heart
Excitation signal made by SAN
Wave of excitation across the atria causing contraction
Signal delayed at AVN
Conducted into bundle of His, down the interventricular septum
Bundle of His and purkinje fibres spread wave along ventricles, causing them to contract
Functions of the endocardium
Lines the inside of the heart
Regulates contractions
Aids cardiac embryological development (endocardial cushions)
Describe the subendocardial layer
Joins endocardium and myocardium
Loose fibrous tissue
Vessels and nerves of the conducting system of the heart
Contains purkinje fibres
Functions of the pericardium
Fixes heart in the mediastinum and limits its motion
Prevents overfilling as is inextensible
Lubrication
Protection from infection as is a physical barrier between the heart and adjacent organs prone to infection
Structure of the pericardium
Fibrous - continuous with central tendon of the diaphragm. Tough connective tissue, non distensable. Prevents rapid overfilling of the heart
Serous - made from mesothelium
- outer parietal layer which lines fibrous pericardium
- internal visceral layer forms the epicardium
Pericardial cavity with serous fluid to minimise friction
Vessels in front and behind the transverse pericardial sinus
In front: ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Behind: superior vena cava
Below: left atrium
Innervation of the pericardium by the
Phrenic nerve
State the structures in the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum
Anterior - thymus
Middle - heart/pericardium
Posterior - aorta/oesophagus
Position of the oblique sinus
Surrounds the veins, posterior to the left atrium.
State the branches of the left and right coronary arteries and the veins they are associated with.
Right - right marginal artery (small cardiac vein), posterior interventricular artery
Left - left anterior descending (anterior interventricular artery) (great cardiac vein) and circumflex
