Heart Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the heart from superficial to deep?

Answer 1

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 2

Anatomy of the epicardium

Answer 2

made up of mesothelium and areolar tissue

Question 3

Anatomy of the myocardium

Answer 3

made up of cardiac muscle tissue

Question 4

Anatomy of the endocardium

Answer 4

made up of areolar tissue and endothelium

Question 5

Which is thicker and why: left or right ventricle

Answer 5

the left ventricle has thicker muscular walls due to pumping blood through the entire body

Question 6

4 primary valves

Answer 6

bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, aortic valve

Question 7

Heart valves function

Answer 7

prevent backflow of blood

Question 8

How do heart valves work?

Answer 8

they open and close based on pressure gradients

Question 9

Structures of the right side of the heart

Answer 9

right atrium, superior and inferior vena cava, pectinate muscles, tricuspid valve (right AV), right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk

Question 10

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

Answer 10

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 11

Where does the superior vena cava receive blood from?

Answer 11

head, neck, upper limbs, chest

Question 12

Where does the inferior vena cava receive blood from?

Answer 12

trunk, viscera, lower limbs

Question 13

Structures from the left side of the heart

Answer 13

left atrium, bicuspid valve (left AV), left ventricle, aortic valve, ascending and descending aorta, aortic arch

Question 14

Where does the left atrium receive blood from?

Answer 14

left and right pulmonary veins

Question 15

What are chordae tendinae?

Answer 15

fibrous string like structures that connect valve leaflets to papillary muscles

Question 16

What are papillary muscles?

Answer 16

muscular projections in the ventricles that connect to chordae tendinae

Question 17

What is the cardiac skeleton

Answer 17

fibrous connective tissue framework

Question 18

Flow of blood from the superior vena cava to the descending aorta (4-6 is the pulmonary circuit and 9-11 is the systemic circuit)

Answer 18

1. Blood enters the right atrium via the superior and inferior venae cavae
2. Flows through tricuspid valve into right ventricle
3. Contraction of right ventricle forces pulmonary valve to open
4. Blood flows through pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk
5. Blood travels to the lungs
6. Blood returns from the lungs via the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
7. Blood in left atrium flows through bicuspid valve into left ventricle
8. Contraction of left ventricle forces aortic valve to open
9. Blood flows through aortic valve into the descending aorta

Question 19

Major blood vessels that supply the heart

Answer 19

right and left coronary artery

Question 20

Coronary circulation function

Answer 20

supplies blood to muscle tissue of heart

Question 21

List the coronary vessels

Answer 21

left and right coronary arteries, anterior and posterior interventricular branch, circumflex branch, marginal branch, coronary sinus, great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein

Question 22

Acronym for the right side of the heart

Answer 22

RaMP

R- right coronary artery
M- marginal artery
P - posterior interventricular artery

Question 23

Acronym for the left side of the heart

Answer 23

LAC

L - left coronary artery
A - anterior interventricular artery
C - circum flex artery

Question 24

go back to study guide

Answer 24

• add flashcards from week 7 HW
• add differences between right and left atrium/ventricles

Question 25

Anastomoses function

Answer 25

stabilizes blood supply to cardiac muscle and interconnects anterior and posterior interventricular arteries

Question 26

Describe coronary artery disease

Answer 26

reduced circulatory supply from partial or complete blockage of coronary arteries

Question 27

Describe myocardial infarction aka heart attack

Answer 27

part of coronary circulation becomes blocked and cardiac muscle cells die from lack of oxygen