Heart Anatomy Flashcards
Name the layers of the heart from inside outwards.
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium/ visceral pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium and fibrous pericardium.
What is the heart?
A cone shaped muscular pump
Where is the heart located and where does it lie?
Located in the thorax between lungs and lies between 2nd - 5th ribs to the left of the midline
Where is the apex of the heart located?
In the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line
What forms the pericardium?
An outer fibrous layer and an inner serous pericardium
Name the main feature of the fibrous pericardium and how it relates to its function
Inelastic, this prevents the heart overfilling and anchors it in place
Where is pericardial fluid found and what is its function?
It is found in the pericardial cavity and it prevents friction
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
Endocardium, myocardium and epicardium
What is the myocardium?
Cardiac muscle
Name the great vessels in the heart?
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk and Arteries
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Where does the aorta take blood to and from?
From the Left ventricle out to systemic circulation
Where do the pulmonary veins take blood to and from?
Take oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium
Where does the superior and inferior vena cava move blood to and from?
They bring deoxygenated blood from they system circulation into the Right atrium.
Where does the pulmonary artery take blood to and from?
Moves deoxygenated blood from the Right ventricle to the lungs.
What side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood?
Right side
Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?
Left side
Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right?
Because it needs to contract with more force to move the blood into and around the systemic circulation.
Name the AV valves?
Tricuspid (right) and bicuspid/ mitral (left)
What are the 2 different semilunar valves?
Pulmonary and aortic
Where is the bicuspid valve located?
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?
Between the left ventricle and the aorta
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Where is the pulmonary semi lunar valve located?
Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
What are the AV valves anchored to and by what?
Anchored by chordae tendinae to the papillary muscles
