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Biology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Venous return

A

Volume of blood returning to the heart

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1
Q

T-wave

A

Following the QRS complex representing ventricular repolarization

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2
Q

Ventricular diastole

A

Dilation of the heart ventricles

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3
Q

Ventricular systole

A

Contraction of the ventricles

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4
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Acts as the pacemaker

Initiates each heart beat

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5
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped out of one ventricle of the heart In a beat

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6
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Part of the heart that closes after birth

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7
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of the heart chambers during which they fill with blood usually refers to ventricular relaxation

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8
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

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9
Q

Atrial systole

A

Contraction of the atria.

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10
Q

Baroreceptor reflex

A

Detects changes in blood pressure and produces changes in heart rate, heart force of contraction and blood vessel diameter that return blood-pressure homeostatic levels

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11
Q

Cardiac reserve

A

Work that the heart is able to perform beyond that required during ordinary circumstances of daily life

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12
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization

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13
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Abnormal cardiac rhythm

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14
Q

Ventricular contraction begins at the…

A

Apex of the heart

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15
Q

Action potentials are slowed at the av node to allow the…

A

Atria to complete their contraction

16
Q

Contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ventricular

A

Systole

17
Q

Blood does not enter or leave the ventricles during the period called…

A

Isovolumetric contraction

18
Q

In the cardiac cycle,

A

The two atria relax while the two ventricles contract

19
Q

During the injection phase of the cardiac cycle blood enters the…

A

Aorta

20
Q

The period of isovolumetric contraction is followed by…

A

The period of ejection

21
Q

Pressure in the right ventricle must exceed the pressure in the _____ before the right ventricle can eject blood

A

Pulmonary trunk

22
Q

The tricuspid valve is closed…

A

During ejection

23
Q

Ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure the…

A

AV valves close

24
Q

Afterload is…

A

The arterial pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood.

25
Q

Stimulation of the heart via the sympathetic nerves would

A

Increase the force of ventricular contraction

26
Q

Within normal limits an increase in preload leads to…

A

An increase in cardiac output force of left ventricular contraction

27
Q

End diastolic volume minus end systolic volume is equal to…

A

Stroke volume

28
Q

A product of stroke volume and heart rate is known as

A

Cardiac output

29
Q

Increased vagal stimulation would cause

A

The heart rate to decrease

30
Q

An increase in extracellular calcium generally increases

A

The force of contraction

31
Q

Lowered extracellular potassium levels will lower heart rate because

A

The resting membrane potential is hyperpolarized

32
Q

Increased afterload will

A

Increase isovolumetric contraction

33
Q

Contracting the muscles in the legs will increase or decrease end-diastolic volume

A

Contracting the muscles in the legs will INCREASE end diastolic volume

34
Q

The degree of stretching experienced during ventricular dastardly is referred to as preload or afterload?

A

Preload

35
Q

Withdrawal of parasympathetic stimulation (vagus nerve) decreases or increases heart rate

A

Increases

36
Q

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is referred to as diastole or systole?

A

Diastole

37
Q

The adrenal hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine decrease or increase heart rate

A

Increase

38
Q

During isovolumetric contraction of the atrioventricular valves are closed or open?

A

Closed

Biology (4 decks)

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