Heart

Question 1

Under 6 hours MI

Answer 1

Normal by histology

CK MB normal

Question 2

6-24 hours post MI

Answer 2

Loss of nuclei
Homogenous cytoplasm
Necrotic cell death

Question 3

1-4 days

Answer 3

Infiltration of polymorphs then macrophages (clears up debris)

Question 4

5-10 days post MI

Answer 4

Removal of debris by macrophages

Question 5

1-2 weeks post MI

Answer 5

Granulation tissue
New blood vessels
Myofibroblasts
Collagen synthesis

Question 6

Weeks to months post MI

Answer 6

Strengthening

Decellularising scar tissue

Question 7

Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy 
Metabolic
Inflammation
Endocrinology 
Heart

Answer 7

Idiopathic 
Alcohol 
Peripartum
Genetic 
Sarcoidosis 
Chemo
Haemochromatosis
Viral myocarditis
Hormonal (thyroid/DM)

Question 8

Causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

Genetic (autosomal dominant)

Storage disease

Question 9

Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 9

Sarcoidosis
Amyloidosis
Radiation induced fibrosis

Question 10

Most common mutation associated with HOCM

Answer 10

Autosomal dominant
Beta HMC gene

(MYBO-C and Trop-T gene also common)

Question 11

Histology of HCM

Answer 11

Myocyte disarray

Question 12

Which HOCM mutation has high risk of sudden cardiac death?

Answer 12

Tropinin T mutation

Question 13

Peak age of rheumatic fever

Answer 13

5-15 years

Question 14

What does rheumatic fever affect

Answer 14

Heart
CNS
joints
Skin

Question 15

Heart manifestation of rheumatic fever

Answer 15

Endocarditis
Myocarditis
Pericarditis

Question 16

Skin manifestation of rheumatic fever

Answer 16

Erythema marginatum

Subcutaneous nodules

Question 17

Joint manifestation of rheumatic fever

Answer 17

Arthritis

Synovitis

Question 18

CNS manifestation of rheumatic fever

Answer 18

Sydenham’s chorea

Encephalopathy

Question 19

When does acute rheumatic fever begin

Answer 19

2-4 weeks following strep throat infection

Question 20

Diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever

Answer 20

Positive for group A strep

1 major and 2 minor criteria

Question 21

JONES Major criteria for major rheumatic fever?

CASES

Answer 21

Carditis 
Arthritis 
Sydenham’s chorea 
Erythema marginatum 
Subcutaneous nodules

Question 22

Valve commonly affected by rheumatic fever

Answer 22

Mortal valve

25% affect both mitral and aortic

Question 23

Main pathogen of rheumatic fever?

Answer 23

Lance field group A strep

Antigen mimicry

Question 24

Histology of rheumatic fever

Answer 24

Beady fibrous vegetation’s
Aschoff bodies
Anitschkov myocytes

Question 25

What are Aschoff bodies

Answer 25

Small giant cell granulomas

Found in histology of rheumatic fever

Question 26

What are anitschkov myocytes

Answer 26

Regenerating myocytes

Found in histology of rheumatic fever

Question 27

Tx of rheumatic fever

Answer 27

Benzylpenicillin

Erythromycin if allergic to pen

Question 28

5 types of inflammation of pericardium (I.e 5 causes)

Fat pigs get horny fast

Answer 28

Fibrinous 
Purulent 
Granulomatous 
Haemorrhagic 
Fibrous

Question 29

Causes of fibrinous pericarditis

Answer 29

MI

uraemia

Question 30

Causes of purulent pericarditis

Answer 30

Staphylococcus

Question 31

Causes of granulomatous pericarditis

Answer 31

TB

Question 32

CAuses of haemorrhagic pericarditis

Answer 32

Tumour
Tb
Uraemia

Question 33

Causes of fibrous pericarditis

Answer 33

MI 
Uraemia 
Staphylococcus 
TB
Tumour