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Histopath > Gynae > Flashcards

Gynae Flashcards

1
Q

3 theories of aetiology of endometriosis

A

Regurgitant/implantation from retrograde menstrual flow of endometrial cells
Transformation of coelomic epithelial cells
Vascular or lymphatic dissemination of endometrial cells

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2
Q

Microscopy of endometriosis

A

Red-blue to brown nodules - powder burn

Chocolate cysts in ovaries - endometriomas

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3
Q

Relation of fibroids to oestrogen

A

Oestrogen stimulation important
Regress in menopause
Enlarge during pregnancy

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4
Q

Microscope of fibroids

A

Bundles of smooth muscle cellar

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5
Q

Complication of fibroids during pregnancy

A

Red degeneration
Here haemorrhagic infarction occurs
Severe abdominal pain

Post partum torsion can also occur

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6
Q

What system is used to stage endometrial cancer

A

FIGO system

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7
Q

What are endometrial carcinomas subdivided into

A

Endometroid

Non endometroid

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8
Q

Most endometrial cancers are

A

Endometroid (80%)

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9
Q

Pathophysiology of endometroid endometrial cancer

A

Oestrogen excess

Usually in peri-menopausal women

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10
Q

What type of cancer is endometroid endometrial cancer

A

ADENOCARCINOMA (85%)

But may show squamous differentiation

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11
Q

Pathophysiology of non endometroid endometrial cancer

A

Unrelated to oestrogen excess

Usually in elderly women with endometrial hypertrophy

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12
Q

Types of cancers which are non endometroid endometrial cancer

A

Papillary
Serous
Clear cell

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13
Q

Normal vulval histology

A

Squamous epithelium

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14
Q

What HPV is associated with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

A

HPV 16

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15
Q

What are the usual types of vulval intrapepithelial neoplasia

A

Graded as I, II, III

Warty, basaloid, mixed

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16
Q

Usual type age group of vulval intraepithlial neoplasia

A

35-55

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17
Q

Differentiated type of vulval intraepithlial neoplasia

A

Older women

Associated with keratinising SCC

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18
Q

Which type of vulval intraepithlial neoplasia has highest risk of malignant transformation

A

Differentiated type

19
Q

Which cancer is usual type of Vulval intraepithlial neoplasia associated with

A

Warty/basaloid SCC

20
Q

What type of cancer is Vulval carcinoma

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

21
Q

What type of cancer are majority of ovarian cancers

A

90% are epithelial ovarian cancers

22
Q

Most common type of epithelial ovarian cancer?

A

Serous cystadenoma

23
Q

What are the 4 subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer

A

Serous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystadenoma
Endometroid
Clear cell

24
Q

What cell seen in serous cystadenoma

A

Columnar epithelium

25
Q

Characteristic of serous cystadenoma

A

Psammoma bodies

Affects women aged 30-40

26
Q

What’s the most common oestrogen secreting tumour

A

Mucinous cystadenoma

27
Q

Characteristic of endometroid epithelial ovarian carcinoma

A

Mimics endometrium

Forms tubular glands

28
Q

Characistic of clear cell epithelial ovarian carcinoma

A

Abundant clear cytoplasm
Intracellular glycogen
Hobnail appearance

29
Q

Subtypes of germ cell ovarian carcinoma

A

Dysgerminoma
Teratoma
Choriocarcinoma

30
Q

Most common ovarian malignancy in young women

A

Dysgerminoma

31
Q

Which type of teratoma is malignant

A

Malignant

32
Q

Characteristic of immature teratoma

A 
Malignant 
Usually solid 
Contains immature, embryo all tissue 
Secrete AFP
Produce thyroxine
33
Q

What do choriocarcinomas secrete

A

HCG

34
Q

Characteristic of fibroma

A

Sex cord tumour
No hormone production
Associated with Meig’s syndrome

35
Q

Meig’s syndrome

A

Ascites
Pleural effusion
Ovarian tumour

36
Q

Ovarian fibroma malignant or benign

A

Benign

37
Q

What does granulosa theca cell tumour produce

A

e2

38
Q

What does sertoli leydig cell tumour secrete

A

Androgens

39
Q

staging system used for ovarian cancer

A

FIGO

40
Q

HPV associated with CIN

A

HPV 16, 18 , 33

41
Q

Most common cell type of cervical carcinoma

A 
Squamous cell (70-80%) 
20% are adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma
42
Q

What marks the change of CIN to carcinoma

A

Invasion through the basement membrane

43
Q

Staging system used for cervical cancer

A

FIGO

Histopath (6 decks)

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