Heart Flashcards
What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch?
1) Brachiocephalic.
2) Left common carotid artery.
3) Left subclavian artery.
What does the heart sound “lub” represent?
Loud noise due to closure of the atrioventricular
valves at the time of ventricular systole.
What does the heart sound “dup” represent?
Softer sound due to closure of the semilunar valves
at the time of atrial systole.
What is angina pectorsis?
Chest pain related to coronary artery disease. Coronary arteries are ‘end arteries’.
Name some elastic arteries
Aorta, common carotid, subclavian and pulmonary arteries.
Name some muscular arteries
Radial, femoral, coronary and cerebral arteries.
What are arterioles?
Terminal branches supplying the capillary bed.
What is the trachea made of?
15-20 incomplete cartilaginous rings anteriorly and smooth muscle posteriorly called trachealis.
What is a tracheostomy?
An incision in the trachea given to acutely ill patients where there will be long term mechanical ventilation. Used where failed endotracheal intubation has occurred.
What is reactive hyperaemia?
The transient increase in organ blood flow that occurs following a brief period of ischemia (e.g., arterial occlusion). Reactive hyperemia occurs following the removal of a tourniquet, unclamping an artery during surgery, or restoring flow to a coronary artery after recanalization (reopening a closed artery using an angioplasty balloon or clot dissolving drug).
What is active hyperaemia?
The increase in organ blood flow (hyperemia) that is associated with increased metabolic activity of an organ or tissue. An example of active hyperemia is the increase in blood flow that accompanies muscle contraction, which is also called exercise or functional hyperemia in skeletal muscle. Blood flow increases because the increased oxygen consumption of during muscle contraction stimulates the production of vasoactive substances that dilate the resistance vessels in the skeletal muscle.
What is autoregulation?
The intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure.
What is an aneurysm?
Localised dilation of the affected artery over 50% of normal diameter.
What is an embolism?
A blockage of a blood vessel by a solid, liquid or gas at a site distant from its origin. >90% of emboli and thrombo-emboli.
