Heart Flashcards
Innvervation and blood supply of the fibrous pericardium.
Pericardial and pericardiocophrenic A.
Phrenic and autnomics
Order of the layers surrouding the heart
- fibrous pericardium
2. Serous pericardium (3 layers, parietal layer and visceral layer)
Innvervation of the parietal pericardium layer
Phrenic nerve
Embryologic precursor for the fibrous pericardium
Pleuro-pericardial membrane
Describe the Pericardial Sinuses
2 reflection sites of the serous pericardiu where the parietal and visceral layers are continuous
- Transverse pericardial sinus is behind the arterires
- Oblique pericardial sinus is at the veines behind Left atrium
Describe the Apex of the heart
Primarily formed by the left ventricle and protrudes in the left 5th intercostal space
Pericardiocentesis is best performed where?
Xyphoid process and costal margine or in the left 5th intercostal space.
The needle would past through the fibrous PC then the serous parietal pericardium
- fluid builds in between the serous layers, parietal and visceral pericardium
Describe the base of the heart
primarily the left atrium against the thoracic vertebrae
The surfaces of the heart:
Base, Apex, Sternal costal (anterior), (inferior) Diaphgramatic and pulmonary (left, creates cardiac notch)
Heart Borders:
Superior: Left and right atria
Inferior: nearly horizontal mostly right ventricle, separates sternal costal surface from diaphragmatic
Left: long, formed by left ventricle to the apex, separates sternal costal from pulmonary surface
right: right atrium.
Name the external structure that separates the atria and ventricles
The coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
External structure separating the left and right ventricles
Posterior and Anterior Interventricular groove
Intercostal space of the Apex
left 5th intercostal space
List opening into the Right atrium
superior vena cava
Coronary Sinus (vein draining the heart)
inferior vena cava
The structure separating the smoothe and aterior pectinate muscles of the right atrium
Crista terminalis
The location of the Fossa Ovalis
Interatrial septum
Name the valve of the right atrium to right ventrical and associated muscles and tends
Tricuspid
Papillary muscles
Corda tendonea
Name the valve from the left atrium to the left ventrical
Bicuspid or mitral
Name the “rough muscles” of the ventricle walls
Trabeulae careae
Additional structure of the right ventricle only
Septomarginal trabecula
AKA Moderator band, from interventricular septum to papillary muscle
Blood leaving the right ventricle passes through the _____ valve into the ______.
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries.
Out flow portion of the right ventricle is called the _____.
Conus arteriosus
From the lungs, blood reenters the heart from the _____ in the ______
pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
Name the smooth outlfow portion of the Left ventricle…
The aortic vestibule
Blood travels from the left ventricle through the _____ valve to get to the ______
- Aortic semilunar valve
- Ascending Aorta
Right fibrous trigone connects:
ascending Aorta and both valves (mitral and tri)
Left fibrous trigone connects:
Mitral valve and ascending aorita
Tendon in between pulmonary trunk and the aorta
Tendon of the conus ateriosus
Two major ateries of the heart from the ascending aorta
Left and right coronary artery
Left coronary artery- first branch is called____ and travels in the ______
Anterior ventricular artery (AKA left anterior descending LAD)
Anterior ventricular groove
Branch of the Anterior ventricular artery..
Diagonal branch
The left coronary atery continues around the heart as the ______ artery, traveling in the ________.
Circumflex artery in the atrioventrical sulcus
The first branch of the right coronary artery
Nodal Artery of the SA node
Second branch of the right coronary artery
Marginal artery
3rd branch of the right coronary arterior
posterior interventricular artery (Right posterior descending artery). If this artery comes from the right coronary artery, it is right side dominant!
The vein that travels with the anterior interventricular artery
Great cardiac vein
The posterior interventricular aterior runs with the ____ vein
Middle cardiac vein
The Marginal Artery runs with the ___ vein
Small Cardiac vein
Major veins of the heart drain into the
Coronary Sinus- which dumps into the right atrium
Anterior cardiac veins dump directly into the______
Right atrium
Innvervation of the heart
Sympathetics and parasympathetics.
Cardiac plexus is a mix of autonomic motor and visceral afferent nevers.
Sympathetics come from the level of T1-T4
Parasympatheticis come from vagus.
Right Second intercostal space
Aortic Semilunar valve
LEFT second intercostal space
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Lower left body of the sternum
Tricuspid
Left 5th intercostal Space
Mitral
