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A&P > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The body cavity is the heart found in?

A

The mediastinum

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2
Q

The two uppermost chambers of the heart are called

A

Atria

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3
Q

The two lowermost chambers of the heart are called

A

Ventricles

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4
Q

The _ returns blood from body regions above the diaphragm.

A

Superior vena cava

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5
Q

The _ returns blood from body regions below the diaphragm.

A

Inferior vena cava

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6
Q

The widest part of the heart is called

A

the base or posterior surface

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7
Q

The narrow end of the heart which points towards the left hip is called

A

the apex

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8
Q

The _ receives blood that has just left the lungs.

A

left atrium

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9
Q

The _ carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

A

pulmonary veins

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10
Q

The _ pushes blood to the lungs.

A

right ventricle

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11
Q

Name the two circuits through which blood travels in the human body.

A

Pulmonary and systemic circuit:
The pulmonary circuit carries blood to the lungs to be oxygenated. The systemic circuit delivers this oxygenated blood to the rest of the body and transports nutrients and waste.

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12
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood into the _, which routes the blood to the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

A

Pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

The left ventricle ejects blood into the _, the largest artery in the body.

A

aorta

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14
Q

Blood enters the right atrium via three veins

A

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

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15
Q

The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the _, the loosely fitting superficial part of this sac is the _.

A

pericardium, fibrous pericardium

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16
Q

Deep to the fibrous pericardium is the _, a thin, slippery, two-layer serous membrane that forms a closed sac around the heart.

A

serous pericardium

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17
Q

Between the parietal and visceral layers is the slitlike _, which contains a film of serous fluid.

A

pericardial cavity

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18
Q

What are the three layers that make up the heart walls?

A

the outer epicardium, the middle myocardium, and the inner endocardium

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19
Q

What are the two atrioventricular (AV) valves?

A

tricuspid (right) and mitral valve (left) sometimes called the bicuspid valve

20
Q

Attached to each AV valve flap are tiny white collagen cords called _, “heart strings” which anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles protruding from the ventricular walls.

A

chordae tendineae

21
Q

What are the two semilunar (SL) valves?

A

aortic and pulmonary

22
Q

The _ and _ guard the bases of the large arteries issuing from the ventricles and prevent back flow into the associated ventricles.

A

aortic and pulmonary valves (semilunar, SL)

23
Q

The functions of the heart are:

A

to pump blood throughout the body, to deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs, to ensure that oxygen is constantly supplied to body tissues

24
Q

Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

25
Q

Separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

A

mitral valve

26
Q

Prevents blood from an artery from flowing back into the left ventricle

A

aortic semilunar valve

27
Q

Prevents blood from an artery from flowing back into the right ventricle

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

28
Q

Open during muscular contraction and close when blood begins to back flow

A

valves

29
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

30
Q

Deliver blood to the heart

A

veins

31
Q

Separates the left and right sides of the heart

A

septum

32
Q

When the heart contracts and pushes blood out towards the systemic and pulmonary circulation

A

systole

33
Q

When the heart is relaxed and is filling with blood

A

diastole

34
Q

Layers of the heart from the innermost layer to the outermost layer:

A

endocardium, myocardium, pericardium

35
Q

Why does the heart pump blood to the lungs through the pulmonary circulation?

A

To oxygenate the blood and discard carbon dioxide through diffusion.

36
Q

The pulmonary artery delivers _ blood from the _ to the _.

A

deoxygenated, right ventricle, lungs

37
Q

The pulmonary vein delivers _ blood from the _ to the _.

A

oxygenated, lungs, left atrium

38
Q

The heart contracts twice for every heartbeat. One contraction is the atrial contraction while the other is the ventricular contraction. During ventricular contraction, which 2 valves of the heart open?

A

pulmonary and aortic valve

39
Q

What is the functional blood supply of the heart and is the shortest circulation in the body?

A

coronary circulation

40
Q

The _ runs towards the left side of the heart and then divides into two major branches.

A

left coronary artery

41
Q

The _ supplies the left atrium and the posterior walls of the left ventricle

A

circumflex artery

42
Q

The _ follows the anterior interventricular sulcus and supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles.

A

anterior interventricular artery (left anterior descending artery)

43
Q

The _ courses to the right side of the heart, where it gives rise to two branches.

A

right coronary artery

44
Q

The _ serves the myocardium of the lateral right side of the heart.

A

right marginal artery

45
Q

The _ runs to the heart apex and supplies the posterior ventricular walls. Near the apex of the heart, this artery merges (anastomoses) with the anterior interventricular artery.

A

posterior interventricular artery

46
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

47
Q

What are the 3 phases of the cardiac cycle?

A

atrial systole, ventricular systole, and relaxation

A&P (4 decks)

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