Chemistry Comes Alive Flashcards
1
Q
_ are substances composed of two or more components physically intermixed.
A
mixtures
2
Q
What are the 3 basic types of mixtures?
A
solutions, colloids and suspensions
3
Q
_ are homogenous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids or solids
A
solutions
4
Q
When two or more different kinds of atoms bind, they form molecules of a _.
A
compound
5
Q
A combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds is called a _.
A
molecule
6
Q
_ _ is energy in action.
A
kinetic energy
7
Q
_ _ is stored energy.
A
potential energy
8
Q
_ is defined as the capacity to do work, or to put matter into motion.
A
energy
9
Q
_ _ is the form stored in the bonds of chemical substances.
A
chemical energy
10
Q
_ _ results from the movement of charged particles.
A
electrical energy
11
Q
_ _ is energy directly involved in moving matter.
A
mechanical energy
12
Q
_ _ is energy that travels in waves.
A
radiant energy or electromagnetic energy
13
Q
_ is anything that occupies space and has matter.
A
matter
14
Q
The _ _ of any atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.
A
atomic number
15
Q
The _ _ of an atom is the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons.
A
mass number
16
Q
_ have the same number of protons (and electrons), but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.
A
isotopes
17
Q
_ is an average of the relative weights (mass numbers) of all the isotopes of an element.
A
atomic weight
18
Q
_ means that the mixture has exactly the same composition or makeup throughout.
A
homogenous
19
Q
The substance present in the greatest amount is called the _, substances present in smaller amounts are called _.
A
solvent (or dissolving medium) and are usually liquids; solutes
20
Q
A _ of any element or compound is equal to its atomic weight or _ _ (sum of the atomic weights) weighed out in grams.
A
mole; molecular weight
21
Q
_ are heterogenous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out.
A
suspension
22
Q
An _ _ is a chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other.
A
ionic bond
23
Q
_ also called emulsions, are heterogenous mixtures, which means that their composition is dissimilar in different areas of the mixture.
A
colloids
24
Q
Which of the following is true?
- Mass equals twice the weight of an object
- Mass equals half the weight of an object
- Mass is the quantity of matter an object has
- Mass and weight are the same thing
A
Mass is the quantity of matter an object has
25
What are the two types of measurement important in science?
quantitative (when a numerical result is used) and qualitative (when descriptions or qualities are reported).
26
An atom with an electrical charge is called a(n):
ion
27
What is freezing point?
* The point at which a liquid changes to a solid
* The point at which a gas changes to a solid
* The point at which a liquid changes to a gas
* The point at which a gas changes to a liquid
The point at which a liquid changes to a solid
28
The rate of a chemical reaction depends on all of the following except:
* amount of mass lost
* presence of catalysts
* temperature
* surface area
amount of mass lost
29
For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure. What law is this?
Boyle's Law
30
For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature. What law is this?
Charles' Law
31
Which of the following is exchanged between two or more atoms that undergo ionic bonding?
* transitory electrons
* valence electrons
* electrical charges
* neutrons
valence electrons
32
Which of the following statements is not true of most metals?
* They are gases at room temperature
* They are good conductors of heat
* They make up the majority of elements on the periodic table
* They are ductile
They are gases at room temperature. (Metals are usually solids at room temperature, while nonmetals are usually gases at room temperature)
33
```
What is most likely the pH of a solution containing many hydroxide ions (OH-) and few hydrogen ions (H+)?
7
9
2
6
```
A solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions is a base, and bases have a pH greater than 7.
34
Nora makes soup by adding some spices to a pot of boiling water and stirring the spices until completely dissolved. Next, she adds several chopped vegetables. What is the solute in her mixture?
* water
* heat
* vegetables
* spices
spices (A solute is a substance that is dissolved in another substance. In this case, the solute is the spices)
35
Negatively charged particles in an atom are called
electrons
36
A particle with a negative or positive charge is referred to as
ion
37
Substances that can not be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions are called
elements
38
A chemical bond where electrons are transferred from one atom to another is a(n)
ionic bond
39
The bond which is found between water molecules is a(n)
hydrogen bond
40
A chemical bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between atoms is a(n)
covalent bond
41
All of the following are organic compounds EXCEPT
* nucleic acids.
* water.
* proteins.
* carbohydrates.
water
42
Energy needed for chemical reactions in the body is provided by the breakdown of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
43
```
Which of the following describes the most acidic solution?
pH 4
pH 5
pH 7
pH 14
```
pH 4
44
The building blocks of proteins are
amino acids
45
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
boiling point
46
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid
freezing point
47
Anything that has definite volume but no definite shape.
liquid
48
Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit volume
true
49
The amount of space something takes up.
volume
50
Mass is the amount of matter in something.
true
51
The temperature at which a substance changes from a gas to liquid.
condensation point
52
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
melting point
53
Which subatomic particles have an approximate mass of 1?
protons and neutrons
54
What subatomic particle has an approximate mass of 1/1840?
electron
55
Which subatomic particle identifies isotopes?
neutron
56
A _ is a substance made up of two or more elements.
compound
57
How many classifications of mixtures are there?
2--homogenous and heterogenous.
58
Mixtures can be separated. Which of the following represents a way a mixture cannot be separated?:
* filtration
* distillation
* heating
heating (Mixtures can be separated by filtration, distillation, crystallization and chromatography. Heating is not a way a mixture can be separated)
59
Which of the following is a compound?
* gold
* alcohol
* helium
* sugar water
alcohol
60
Which of the following is an element?
* sugar
* copper
* salt
* water
copper
61
Are there more compounds or more elements?
There are more compounds. (There are thousands of compounds and about 110 elements)
62
The ability of a given substance(solute) to dissolve into a solvent is _.
solubility
63
How does temperature affect solubility?
Solubility increases with an increase in temperature (true 95% of the time)
64
Insolubility refers to poorly soluble compounds, however there are few cases when there is NO material dissolved. Is this statement true or false?
True
65
The rate of solution is a measure of how fast a substance dissolves. What are the factors that determine the rate of solution?
* stirring (literally speaking)
* temperature
* amount solute already dissolved
* time
stirring (literally speaking), temperature and amount solute already dissolved
66
How does a solute dissolve into a solvent?
Polar solvent molecules separate the molecules of other polar substances.
67
What are the main factors that affect solubility?
* temperature
* pressure
* nature of solute and solvent
* all of the above
all of the above
68
What is a solution that has an excess of H+(hydrogen) ions?
acid (An acid is a solution that has an excess of H+ ions. Acid comes from the Latin word acidus and it means "sour")
69
What is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions?
base (A base is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions. Another word for base is alkali)
70
Acids are found on the pH scale between the numbers:
0-7
71
Bases are found on the pH scale between the numbers:
7-14
72
A solution that is ________ has a pH of 7.
neutral
73
The pH scale is actually measuring the number of H+ ions in a solution. If there are a lot of H+ ions, the pH is very
low (When the are a lot of H+ ions in a solution, the pH is very low. There is an excess of hydrogen ions in an acid. Acids are compounds that break into hydrogen (H+) ions and another compound when placed in aqueous solutions.)
74
Distilled water is _.
neutral (Distilled water has a pH of 7, it has an even balance of H+ amd OH- ions therefore making it neutral)
75
Most of the liquids you find everyday have a pH near _____.
7
76
A solution that contains mostly water is an _______ solution
aqueous
77
A __________ is what scientists use to measure how basic or acidic a liquid is. The _________ ranges from values very close to 0 through 14.
pH scale
78
The atom that gains one or more electrons is the _ _. It acquires a net _ charge and is called an _. The atom that loses electrons is the _ _. It acquires a net _ charge and is called a _.
electron acceptor, negative charge, electron donor, positive charge, cation
79
Reactions that release energy are called _.
exergonic reactions
80
A chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed is called _.
endergonic
81
_ is the study of the chemical composition and reactions of living matter.
biochemistry
82
_ _ contains carbon, are covalently bonded molecules and many are large.
organic compounds
83
_ _ include water, salts, and many acids and bases.
inorganic compounds
84
What factors influence the rate of chemical reactions?
temperature, concentration, particle size and catalysts
85
Biological catalysts are called _.
enzymes
86
The substance present in the greatest amount is called the _, and are usually _.
solvent, liquids
87
Substances present in smaller amounts are called _.
solutes
88
What are the 3 types of hydrolysis?
salt hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and base hydrolysis.
89
_ is the process of joining two molecules (or compounds) together following the removal of water.
dehydration synthesis
90
_ is a reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. The reaction mainly occurs between an ion and water molecules and often changes the pH of a solution.
Hydrolysis (reactions)
91
_ have a sour taste, can react with (dissolve)many metals, a substance that releases hydrogen ions in detectable amounts and are defined as proton _.
acids, donors
92
_ have a bitter taste, feel slipper and are proton _.
bases, acceptors
93
The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more _ the solution is.
acidic
94
The greater the concentration of hydroxyl ions (the lower the concentration of H+), the more _ or _ the solution becomes.
basic, alkaline
95
A _ is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water.
neutralization reaction
