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A&P > Chemistry Comes Alive > Flashcards

Chemistry Comes Alive Flashcards

1
Q

_ are substances composed of two or more components physically intermixed.

A

mixtures

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2
Q

What are the 3 basic types of mixtures?

A

solutions, colloids and suspensions

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3
Q

_ are homogenous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids or solids

A

solutions

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4
Q

When two or more different kinds of atoms bind, they form molecules of a _.

A

compound

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5
Q

A combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds is called a _.

A

molecule

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6
Q

_ _ is energy in action.

A

kinetic energy

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7
Q

_ _ is stored energy.

A

potential energy

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8
Q

_ is defined as the capacity to do work, or to put matter into motion.

A

energy

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9
Q

_ _ is the form stored in the bonds of chemical substances.

A

chemical energy

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10
Q

_ _ results from the movement of charged particles.

A

electrical energy

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11
Q

_ _ is energy directly involved in moving matter.

A

mechanical energy

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12
Q

_ _ is energy that travels in waves.

A

radiant energy or electromagnetic energy

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13
Q

_ is anything that occupies space and has matter.

A

matter

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14
Q

The _ _ of any atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.

A

atomic number

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15
Q

The _ _ of an atom is the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons.

A

mass number

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16
Q

_ have the same number of protons (and electrons), but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

A

isotopes

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17
Q

_ is an average of the relative weights (mass numbers) of all the isotopes of an element.

A

atomic weight

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18
Q

_ means that the mixture has exactly the same composition or makeup throughout.

A

homogenous

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19
Q

The substance present in the greatest amount is called the _, substances present in smaller amounts are called _.

A

solvent (or dissolving medium) and are usually liquids; solutes

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20
Q

A _ of any element or compound is equal to its atomic weight or _ _ (sum of the atomic weights) weighed out in grams.

A

mole; molecular weight

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21
Q

_ are heterogenous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out.

A

suspension

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22
Q

An _ _ is a chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other.

A

ionic bond

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23
Q

_ also called emulsions, are heterogenous mixtures, which means that their composition is dissimilar in different areas of the mixture.

A

colloids

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24
Q

Which of the following is true?

  • Mass equals twice the weight of an object
  • Mass equals half the weight of an object
  • Mass is the quantity of matter an object has
  • Mass and weight are the same thing
A

Mass is the quantity of matter an object has

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25
Q

What are the two types of measurement important in science?

A

quantitative (when a numerical result is used) and qualitative (when descriptions or qualities are reported).

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26
Q

An atom with an electrical charge is called a(n):

A

ion

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27
Q

What is freezing point?

  • The point at which a liquid changes to a solid
  • The point at which a gas changes to a solid
  • The point at which a liquid changes to a gas
  • The point at which a gas changes to a liquid
A

The point at which a liquid changes to a solid

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28
Q

The rate of a chemical reaction depends on all of the following except:

  • amount of mass lost
  • presence of catalysts
  • temperature
  • surface area
A

amount of mass lost

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29
Q

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure. What law is this?

A

Boyle’s Law

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30
Q

For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature. What law is this?

A

Charles’ Law

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31
Q

Which of the following is exchanged between two or more atoms that undergo ionic bonding?

  • transitory electrons
  • valence electrons
  • electrical charges
  • neutrons
A

valence electrons

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32
Q

Which of the following statements is not true of most metals?

  • They are gases at room temperature
  • They are good conductors of heat
  • They make up the majority of elements on the periodic table
  • They are ductile
A

They are gases at room temperature. (Metals are usually solids at room temperature, while nonmetals are usually gases at room temperature)

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33
Q 
What is most likely the pH of a solution containing many hydroxide ions (OH-) and few hydrogen ions (H+)?
 7
 9
 2
 6
A

A solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions is a base, and bases have a pH greater than 7.

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34
Q

Nora makes soup by adding some spices to a pot of boiling water and stirring the spices until completely dissolved. Next, she adds several chopped vegetables. What is the solute in her mixture?

  • water
  • heat
  • vegetables
  • spices
A

spices (A solute is a substance that is dissolved in another substance. In this case, the solute is the spices)

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35
Q

Negatively charged particles in an atom are called

A

electrons

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36
Q

A particle with a negative or positive charge is referred to as

A

ion

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37
Q

Substances that can not be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions are called

A

elements

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38
Q

A chemical bond where electrons are transferred from one atom to another is a(n)

A

ionic bond

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39
Q

The bond which is found between water molecules is a(n)

A

hydrogen bond

40
Q

A chemical bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between atoms is a(n)

A

covalent bond

41
Q

All of the following are organic compounds EXCEPT

  • nucleic acids.
  • water.
  • proteins.
  • carbohydrates.
A

water

42
Q

Energy needed for chemical reactions in the body is provided by the breakdown of

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

43
Q 
Which of the following describes the most acidic solution?
pH 4
pH 5
pH 7
pH 14
A

pH 4

44
Q

The building blocks of proteins are

A

amino acids

45
Q

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

A

boiling point

46
Q

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid

A

freezing point

47
Q

Anything that has definite volume but no definite shape.

A

liquid

48
Q

Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit volume

A

true

49
Q

The amount of space something takes up.

A

volume

50
Q

Mass is the amount of matter in something.

A

true

51
Q

The temperature at which a substance changes from a gas to liquid.

A

condensation point

52
Q

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

A

melting point

53
Q

Which subatomic particles have an approximate mass of 1?

A

protons and neutrons

54
Q

What subatomic particle has an approximate mass of 1/1840?

A

electron

55
Q

Which subatomic particle identifies isotopes?

A

neutron

56
Q

A _ is a substance made up of two or more elements.

A

compound

57
Q

How many classifications of mixtures are there?

A

2–homogenous and heterogenous.

58
Q

Mixtures can be separated. Which of the following represents a way a mixture cannot be separated?:

  • filtration
  • distillation
  • heating
A

heating (Mixtures can be separated by filtration, distillation, crystallization and chromatography. Heating is not a way a mixture can be separated)

59
Q

Which of the following is a compound?

  • gold
  • alcohol
  • helium
  • sugar water
A

alcohol

60
Q

Which of the following is an element?

  • sugar
  • copper
  • salt
  • water
A

copper

61
Q

Are there more compounds or more elements?

A

There are more compounds. (There are thousands of compounds and about 110 elements)

62
Q

The ability of a given substance(solute) to dissolve into a solvent is _.

A

solubility

63
Q

How does temperature affect solubility?

A

Solubility increases with an increase in temperature (true 95% of the time)

64
Q

Insolubility refers to poorly soluble compounds, however there are few cases when there is NO material dissolved. Is this statement true or false?

A

True

65
Q

The rate of solution is a measure of how fast a substance dissolves. What are the factors that determine the rate of solution?

  • stirring (literally speaking)
  • temperature
  • amount solute already dissolved
  • time
A

stirring (literally speaking), temperature and amount solute already dissolved

66
Q

How does a solute dissolve into a solvent?

A

Polar solvent molecules separate the molecules of other polar substances.

67
Q

What are the main factors that affect solubility?

  • temperature
  • pressure
  • nature of solute and solvent
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

68
Q

What is a solution that has an excess of H+(hydrogen) ions?

A

acid (An acid is a solution that has an excess of H+ ions. Acid comes from the Latin word acidus and it means “sour”)

69
Q

What is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions?

A

base (A base is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions. Another word for base is alkali)

70
Q

Acids are found on the pH scale between the numbers:

A

0-7

71
Q

Bases are found on the pH scale between the numbers:

A

7-14

72
Q

A solution that is ________ has a pH of 7.

A

neutral

73
Q

The pH scale is actually measuring the number of H+ ions in a solution. If there are a lot of H+ ions, the pH is very

A

low (When the are a lot of H+ ions in a solution, the pH is very low. There is an excess of hydrogen ions in an acid. Acids are compounds that break into hydrogen (H+) ions and another compound when placed in aqueous solutions.)

74
Q

Distilled water is _.

A

neutral (Distilled water has a pH of 7, it has an even balance of H+ amd OH- ions therefore making it neutral)

75
Q

Most of the liquids you find everyday have a pH near _____.

A

7

76
Q

A solution that contains mostly water is an _______ solution

A

aqueous

77
Q

A __________ is what scientists use to measure how basic or acidic a liquid is. The _________ ranges from values very close to 0 through 14.

A

pH scale

78
Q

The atom that gains one or more electrons is the _ _. It acquires a net _ charge and is called an _. The atom that loses electrons is the _ _. It acquires a net _ charge and is called a _.

A

electron acceptor, negative charge, electron donor, positive charge, cation

79
Q

Reactions that release energy are called _.

A

exergonic reactions

80
Q

A chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed is called _.

A

endergonic

81
Q

_ is the study of the chemical composition and reactions of living matter.

A

biochemistry

82
Q

_ _ contains carbon, are covalently bonded molecules and many are large.

A

organic compounds

83
Q

_ _ include water, salts, and many acids and bases.

A

inorganic compounds

84
Q

What factors influence the rate of chemical reactions?

A

temperature, concentration, particle size and catalysts

85
Q

Biological catalysts are called _.

A

enzymes

86
Q

The substance present in the greatest amount is called the _, and are usually _.

A

solvent, liquids

87
Q

Substances present in smaller amounts are called _.

A

solutes

88
Q

What are the 3 types of hydrolysis?

A

salt hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and base hydrolysis.

89
Q

_ is the process of joining two molecules (or compounds) together following the removal of water.

A

dehydration synthesis

90
Q

_ is a reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. The reaction mainly occurs between an ion and water molecules and often changes the pH of a solution.

A

Hydrolysis (reactions)

91
Q

_ have a sour taste, can react with (dissolve)many metals, a substance that releases hydrogen ions in detectable amounts and are defined as proton _.

A

acids, donors

92
Q

_ have a bitter taste, feel slipper and are proton _.

A

bases, acceptors

93
Q

The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more _ the solution is.

A

acidic

94
Q

The greater the concentration of hydroxyl ions (the lower the concentration of H+), the more _ or _ the solution becomes.

A

basic, alkaline

95
Q

A _ is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water.

A

neutralization reaction

A&P (4 decks)

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