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heart Exam Questions > Heart 3 > Flashcards

Heart 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the cardiovascular system?

A

heart, blood, and blood vessels

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2
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Take blood away from the heart

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3
Q

In the artery what is the first and outside layer, made up of connective tissue, called?

A

Tunica Externa

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4
Q

In the artery what is the second and middle layer, made up of smooth muscle, called?

A

Tunica Media

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5
Q

In the artery what is the third and inner layer, made up of endothelial cells, called?

A

Tunica Intima

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6
Q

What do veins do?

A

Bring blood to the heart

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7
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

Exchange materials between the blood and the body’s cells

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8
Q

How big are capillaries?

A

Microscopic in size

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9
Q

What is the location of the heart?

A

Cavity between the lungs, 2/3 left of midsagittal

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10
Q

What is the size of the heart?

A

Roughly the size of a fist

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11
Q

Outer membrane of the heart

A

Pericardium

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12
Q

External (outer) layer of the heart

A

Parietal pericardium

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13
Q

Protection (physical barrier), anchors heart to other structures, and provides lubrication to reduce friction.

A

Functions of the pericardium and its 2 layers.

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14
Q

1st layer of the heart (outer portion)

A

Epicardium

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15
Q

2nd layer of the heart (middle layer that consists of twisted cardiac muscle)

A

Myocardium (layer that actually contracts)

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16
Q

3rd layer of the heart (inner layer made of epithelial tissue)

A

Endocardium

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17
Q

What is the Atrium divided by?

A

Interatrial Septum

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18
Q

What is the function of the Atria?

A

Receives blood from veins

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19
Q

What is the function of the Right Atria?

A

Receives blood from superior and inferior vena cava

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20
Q

What is the function of the Left Atria?

A

Receives blood from pulmonary veins

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21
Q

The ____ atria has poor oxygen and high CO2, while the ____ atria is rich in oxygen.

A

Right; Left

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22
Q

What are Ventricles?

A

Muscular pumps

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23
Q

What are the Ventricles divided by?

A

Interventricular Septum

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24
Q

What does the Right Ventricle do?

A

Receives blood from the right atria

25
Q

Where does the Right Ventricle pump blood to the lungs through?

A

Pulmonary Arteries

26
Q

What does the Left Ventricle do?

A

Receives blood from the left atria

27
Q

Where does the Left Ventricle pump blood to the body through?

A

Aorta

28
Q

What is Systemic Circulation?

A

heart-lungs-heart-body-heart

29
Q

Heart Valves allow for ____ ____ circulation.

A

“one way”

30
Q

What are the 2 Atrioventricular Valves (AV valves)?

A

Tricuspid and Mitral Valve

31
Q

What is located between the right atria and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid Valve

32
Q

What is located between the left atria and left ventricle (it is the heavier and stronger of the two)?

A

Bicuspid or Mitral Valve

33
Q

____ ____ and papillary muscles stop valves from being folded backwards.

A

Chord Tendinae

34
Q

What is located between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle?

A

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

35
Q

What is located between the aorta and left ventricle?

A

Aortic Semilunar Valve

36
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node or SA node (begins each heartbeat)

37
Q

What does the atrioventricular node (AV node) do?

A

Receives the impulse from the SA node

38
Q

What is the events of one complete heartbeat ( about 0.8 seconds) called?

A

Cardiac Cycle

39
Q

What is the amount of blood pumped out of each side of the heart in 1 minute called?

A

Cardiac Output

40
Q

What is the expansion and contraction of an artery as the left ventricle contracts?

A

Pulse

41
Q

What is the pressure blood exerts on the inner walls of blood vessels?

A

Blood Pressure

42
Q

What is a measure of the systolic pressure (ventricles contracting) OVER the diastolic pressure (ventricles relaxing)?

A

Measuring BP

43
Q

What amplifies electric current of heart producing distinct wave patterns?

A

The Electrocardiogram

44
Q

What is the depolarization of atria?

A

P wave

45
Q

What is the depolarization of ventricles?

A

QRS Complex

46
Q

What is the repolarization of ventricles?

A

T wave

47
Q

What are some risk factors of getting heart disorders and diseases?

A

Cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and heredity

48
Q

What is the term that covers many different types of heart problems?

A

Heart Disease

49
Q

What involves inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle?

A

Coronary Artery or Heart Disease

50
Q

What causes severe chest pain due to brief lack of oxygen to heart muscle?

A

Angina

51
Q

What is a decrease in blood supply to the heart?

A

Ischemia

52
Q

What is the dying of tissue due to lack of blood supply and oxygen?

A

Infarctions

53
Q

What happens when blood supply to the heart is cut of (ischemia) resulting in heart tissue dying?

A

Myocardial Infarction (also known as a heart attack)

54
Q

What is known as a problem with the SA node or AV node?

A

Fibrillation

55
Q

What is it called when atria “quiver” or do not contract normally?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

56
Q

What is known as a slowing of the heart rate due to SA or AV node problems?

A

Bradycardia

57
Q

What is known as valves that do not close correctly causing blood to leak back through the valve?

A

Heart Murmur

58
Q

What is known as valves that become calcified, rough, narrow, and that do not close properly?

A

Stenosis

heart Exam Questions (6 decks)

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