Heart

Question 1

What type of blood do veins carry? What is the expectation?

Answer 1

With the exception of pulmonary veins, veins carry large volumes of deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

Question 2

What type of blood does arteries carry? What is the expectation?

Answer 2

With the exception of pulmonary arteries, arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.

Question 3

What direction does blood flow in veins?

Answer 3

Veins carry blood towards the heart. Veins have thinner walls and uses valves to keep blood flowing.

Question 4

What direction does blood flow in the arteries?

Answer 4

Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteries have thick walls with muscle tissue.

Question 5

Why do veins carry deoxygenated blood and arteries carry oxygenated blood? (generally)

Answer 5

Arteries generally carry oxygenated blood to deliver oxygen to organs and veins generally carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart for reoxgenation.

Question 6

What are the 4 types of valves in the heart? Location?

Answer 6

1) Tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
2) Pulmonary valve: Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
3) Bicuspid/mitral valve: Located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
4) Aortic valve: Located between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Question 7

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 7

The function is to regulate the flow of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle. This valve prevents blood from flowing backwards into either of these chambers.

Question 8

What is the function of the pulmonary valve?

Answer 8

The pulmonary valve allows deoxygenated blood to leave the right ventricle and flow to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. Once the right ventricle has emptied, the pulmonary valve closes and keeps the blood from reentering the right ventricle.

Question 9

What is the function of the bicuspid/mitral valve?

Answer 9

The bicuspid/mitral valve regaultes blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. It ensures that blood doesn;t flow backwards betwee the two chambers.

Question 10

What is the function of the aortic valve?

Answer 10

The aortic valve controls blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. The aortic valve ensure that blood moves in one direction.

Question 11

What is the aorta? Why is it branched?

Answer 11

The aorta is the largest artery of the body and carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The aorta’s branches ensure that hormone and nutreints reach internal organs and nearby supporting tissue,

Question 12

What is the function of valves in the heart?

Answer 12

Blood passes through a valve before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. Valves are leaflets that act as one-way inlets for blood coming into a ventricle and one-way outlets for blood leaving a ventricle.

Question 13

What is the function of the right atrium?

Answer 13

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.

Question 14

What is the function of the right ventricle?

Answer 14

The right ventricle recieves deoxygenated blood from teh right atrium and pumps it to the lungs.

Question 15

What is the function of the left atrium?

Answer 15

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.

Question 16

What is the function of the left ventricle?

Answer 16

The left ventricle recieves oxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the aorta. The aorta distributes the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.

Question 17

What is the perdicardium?

Answer 17

The peridacardium is a double-walled, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart. The pericardium protects the roots of major blood vessels.

Question 18

What is endocardium? What is it made of?

Answer 18

The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart and lines the chambers and extends over nearby structures. It is a single layer of endothelial cells.

Question 19

What is myocardium? What is it responsible for?

Answer 19

The myrocardium makes us the thick middle layer of the heart walls. The myrocardium is responsible for the contractile function of the cardiac pump.

Question 20

What are the chordae tendineae?

Answer 20

The CT are strong, fibrous connections tissues between the valve leaflets and the papillary muscles. They are attached to the atrioventricular valves and prevent them from inverting during systole.

Question 21

What are papillary muscles?

Answer 21

Papillary muscles attach to the tricuspid and mitral/bicuspid valve leaflets by the chordae tendineae and prevent the inverson of these valves during systole (ventricular contration) by stabilizes the chordae tendineae.

Question 22

What is the superior vena cava?

Answer 22

The superior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the upper part of the body to the right atrium.

Question 23

What is the inferior vena cava?

Answer 23

The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium.

Question 24

What is the function of pulmonary veins?

Answer 24

The pulmonary veins transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Question 25

What is the function of pulmonary arteries?

Answer 25

The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to your lungs.

Question 26

What is the purpose of pulmonary circulation?

Answer 26

Thorough the exchange of gases, the pulmonary circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the rest of the body and eliminates carbon dioxide from the circulation.

Question 27

What are the atrioventricular (AV) valves and semi-lunar (SL) valves in the heart?

Answer 27

The atrioventricular (AV) valves (bicuspid/mitral and tricuspid) seperate the atrium from the ventricles.
The semilunar (SL) valves (aortic and pulmonary) seperate the ventricles from the great arteries.

Question 28

What is the SA node?

Answer 28

The sinoatrial (SA) node is a section of nodal tissue that is located in the right atrium. It is the natural pacemaker of the heart. It sets the rate of contraction for the heart by generating nerve impulses for the atrium to contract

Question 29

What is the AV node?

Answer 29

The electrical signal from the SA node is passed through the AV (atrioventricular) node to the lower heart chambers (ventricles), causing them to contract, or pump.

Question 30

What are Purkinje fibers? Where are they found?

Answer 30

Purkinje fibers allow the heart to create synchronized contractions of its ventricles by sending nerve impulses to the cells in the ventricles of the heart. They are found beneath the endocardium.