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Cardiology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the chambers of the heart?

A

Right atria
Right ventricle
Left atria
Left ventricle

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2
Q

What is the way of blood flow in veins?

A

Towards the heart

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3
Q

What is the way of blood flow in arteries?

A

Away from heart

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4
Q

What are the 3 major blood returns?

A

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

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5
Q

What is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery

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6
Q

What side of the heart is the strongest and why?

A

L bc it has the thickest mm wall to pump through entire body

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7
Q

What are the 2 circulatory systems?

A

Pulmonary (R side) and systemic (L side)

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8
Q

How many flaps does R atrioventricle valve have? What are they called?

A

3 - tricuspid valve

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9
Q

What is the purpose for coronary arteries?

A

Supply heart with blood

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10
Q

What is the purpose of valves?

A

Prevent back flow of blood

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11
Q

Mitochondria In heart is bigger and more numerous than skeletal mm

A

True

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12
Q

Why are autorythmatic fibers important?

A

They are natural pace makers and form the conduction system

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13
Q

What modifies the timing of the heart

A

ANS and hormones

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14
Q

What do artificial pacemakers do?

A

Control SA node if heart malfunctions or misfires

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15
Q

What is the structure that houses the heart.

A

Mediastinum

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16
Q

How cal you tell how big your heart is?

A

It’s the size of your own fist

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17
Q

What is the outer layer of the heart called?

A

Epicardium

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18
Q

What stimulates the action potentials sent to the heart

A

SA Noses

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19
Q

What are the 3 factors that regulate stroke volume?

A

Preload( degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts),

contractility (force of contraction)

afterload (pressure that must be exceeded before ejection of the blood from the ventricles can occur)

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20
Q

What is the outer most membrane of the heart. It confined the heart into its position in the mediastinum

A

Pericardium

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21
Q

What 2 parts that make up the pericardium? What are they?

A

Fibrous is superficial, composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue

Serous: a thinner more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart

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22
Q

Which layer of the pericardium membrane prevents the overstretching of the heart, Provides protection and Anchors the heart in mediastinum

A

Fibrous

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23
Q

Which pericardium membrane has a double layer that has Outer layer fused to fibrous pericardium and the other Inner layer also known as epicardium

A

Serous

24
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

25
Q

What is Total Peripheral vascular resistance?

A

The resistance to blood flow of all blood vessels in the body that creates blood pressure.

26
Q

What part of the brain controls the heart cycle

A

Cardiac center of the medulla oblongata

27
Q

What is the Frank Starling Law?

A

As more blood fills the ventricle, the force of contraction will be increased

28
Q

In an electrocardiogram which wave is the ventricular repolarization?

A

T wave

29
Q

Name the valves between the atrium and the ventricles.

A

Atrioventricular valves
i. Right = Tricuspid
ii. Left = Bicuspid (Mitral

30
Q

Blood from the systemic veins flows into which chamber of the heart?

A

R atrium

31
Q

In an electrocardiogram which wave is the atrial depolarization?

A

P wave

32
Q

In an electrocardiogram which wave is the ventricular depolarization?

A

QRS complex

33
Q

What is normal heart rate?

A

70 beats per minute

34
Q

What modifies the timing and strength of each heart beat

A

ANS( autonomic nervous system) and blood borne hormones

35
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Carry’s blood from right ventricle to the lungs

36
Q

What is the largest artery?

A

aorta - Carrie’s oxygen riches blood from left ventricle the the rest of the body

37
Q

What is the atrioventricular (AV) node?

A

The AV node is a group of cells located between the atria and ventricles that receives electrical impulses from the SA node and relays them to the ventricles.

38
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiac conduction system?

A

Coordinates electrical impulses that regulate the hearts rhythm and contractions

39
Q

What is the purpose of the Frank-Starling mechanism?

A

ensures the heart pumps out the same amount of blood it receives, maintaining cardiac output.

40
Q

What is the purpose of the baroreceptor reflex?

A

The baroreceptor reflex helps regulate blood pressure by sensing changes in blood pressure and initiating appropriate responses to maintain homeostasis.

41
Q

What is the purpose of the parasympathetic nervous system in relation to the heart

A

The parasympathetic nervous system slows down heart rate and decreases the force of heart contractions, promoting relaxation and conserving energy.

42
Q

What is the purpose of the sympathetic nervous system in relation to the heart

A

The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and the force of heart contractions, preparing the body for physical activity or stress.

43
Q

What is the purpose of the electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)?

A

An electrocardiogram is a diagnostic tool that records the electrical activity of the heart, helping to identify abnormalities in heart rhythm and function.

44
Q

What is the purpose of the systemic circulation

A

carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body’s tissues and organs, delivering nutrients and removing waste products.

45
Q

What is the purpose of the pulmonary circulation?

A

The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

46
Q

What is the purpose of the interventricular septum?

A

The interventricular septum is a thick muscular wall that separates the ventricles, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

47
Q

What is the purpose of the pericardium?

A

The pericardium is a protective sac that surrounds the heart, providing lubrication and preventing friction between the heart and surrounding structur

48
Q

This occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either by a blockage or a burst blood vessel, leading to brain cell damage or death. What is this?

A

Stroke

49
Q

also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, leading to tissue damage or death.
What is this?

A

Heart attack

50
Q

What is hypertension?

A

Hypertension is a condition characterized by high blood pressure, often measuring above 130/80 mmHg.

51
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels

52
Q

What is the purpose of the coronary arteries?

A

The coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself

53
Q

Name the four heart valves.

A

: The four heart valves are the tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve(bicuspid valve), and aortic valve

54
Q

What is the purpose of the ventricles?

A

The ventricles pump blood out of the heart to the body and lungs.

55
Q

What is the purpose of the atria?

A

The atria receive blood returning to the heart from the body and lungs.

56
Q

What is the primary function of the heart?

A

The primary function of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues and organs.

Cardiology (4 decks)

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