HEART Flashcards
1
Q
It refer to as the seat of strong emotions.
A
HEART
2
Q
It is a muscular organ that is essential for life because it pumps blood through the body.
A
HEART
3
Q
It flow through a pipe only if they are forced to do so.
A
FLUIDS
4
Q
It makes up the cardiovascular system
A
HEART
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD
5
Q
The heart, blood vessel and blood make up the?
A
Cardiovascular System
6
Q
How many liters of blood per minute does the heart of a healthy adult pumps?
A
5 LITERS
7
Q
For most people, the heart continues to pump at approximately that rate for more than?
A
75 YEARS
8
Q
The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart through vessels of the?
A
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
9
Q
The left side of the heart pumps blood to all other tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart through vessels of the?
A
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
10
Q
Contractions of the heart generate blood pressure, which forces blood through the blood vessel.
A
GENERATING BLOOD PRESSURE
11
Q
The heart separates the pulmonary and systemic circulations, which ensures the flow of oxygen-rich blood to tissues.
A
ROUTING BLOOD
12
Q
The valves of the heart ensure a one-way flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels.
A
ENSURING ONE-WAY BLOOD FLOW
13
Q
Changes in the rate and force of heart contraction match blood flow to the changing metabolic needs of the tissue during rest, exercise, and changes in body position.
A
REGULATING BLOOD SUPPLY
14
Q
It is shape like a blunt cone and is approximately the size of a closed fist.
A
ADULT HEART
15
Q
What do you call the blunt rounded point of the heart?
A
APEX
16
Q
What do you call the larger flat part at the opposite end of the heart?
A
BASE
17
Q
It is located in the thoracic cavity between the two pleural cavities that surround the lungs.
A
HEART
18
Q
The heart, trachea, esophagus, and associated structures form a midline portion called?
A
MEDIASTINUM
19
Q
The heart is surrounded by its own cavity called?
A
PERICARDIAL CAVITY
20
Q
Meaning of CPR
A
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
21
Q
It is an emergency procedure that maintains blood flow in the body if a person’s heart stop.
A
CPR (CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION)
22
Q
The heart lies in the?
A
PERICARDIAL CAVITY
23
Q
The pericardial cavity is formed by the?
A
PERICARDIUM
24
Q
It surrounds the heart and anchors it within the mediastinum.
A
PERICARDIUM
25
2 layers of pericardium
FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
SEROUS PERICARDIUM
26
The outer layer in tough, fibrous connective tissue and is called the?
FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
27
The inner layer consists of flat epithelial cells with a thin layer of connective tissue and is called the?
SEROUS PERICARDIUM
28
2 parts of serous pericardium
PARIETAL PERICARDIUM
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
29
The part lining the fibrous pericardium is the?
PARIETAL PERICARDIUM
30
It is the part covering the heart surface.
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
31
It is located at the base of the heart
LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIA
32
It extend from the base of the heart towards the apex.
VENTRICLES
33
It extends around the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles.
CORONARY SULCUS
34
It extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus on the anterior surface of the heart .
ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR AULCUS
35
It extends inferiorly from the coronsry sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart
POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR SILCIS
36
It is an inflammation of the serous pericardium.
PERICARDITIS
37
It is a potentially fatal condition in which fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compressed the heart from the outside.
CARDIA TEMPONADE
38
Extends from the heart and it separates the atria from the ventricles.
CORONARY SULCUS
39
How many large veins carry blood to the atria of the heart
6 LARGE VEINS
40
It carry blood from the body to the right atrium.
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA
41
Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
FOUR PULMONARY VEINS
42
Arising from the right ventricle, splits into the right and left pulmonary arteries which carry blood to the lungs.
PULMONARY TRUNK
43
It arises from the left ventricle, carries blood to the rest of the body.
AORTA
44
4 chambers of heart
LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIA
RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES
45
It is a muscular pump consisting of four chambers.
Heart
46
Blood enters the atria of the heart through blood vessels called?
VEINS
47
It function primarily as reservoirs, where blood returning from veins collects before it enters the ventricles.
ATRIA
48
It receives blood from three major openings.
RIGHT ATRIUM
49
Three major openings of right atrium:
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
CORONARY SINUS
50
It drain blood from most of the body.
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
51
It drains blood from most of the heart muscle.
CORONARY SINUS
52
It receives blood through the four pulmonary veins, and it drain blood from the LUNGS.
LEFT ATRIUM
53
The two atria are separated from each other by a partition called the?
INTERATRIAL SEPTUM
54
It is the major pumping chambers.
VENTRICLES
55
It pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk
RIGHT VENTRICLE
56
It pumps blood into the aorta.
LEFT VENTRICLE
57
The two ventricles are separated from each other by the muscular..
INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
58
(The wall of the LEFT VENTRICLE is thicker than the wall of the RIGHT VENTRICLE.
59
(The wall of the LEFT VENTRICLE contracts more forcefully and generates a greater blood pressure than the wall of the RIGHT VENTRICLE)
60
The one-way flow of blood through the heart chambers is maintained by the?
HEART VALVES
61
2 types of heart valves:
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
SEMILUNAR VALVES
62
It is located between each atrium and ventricle.
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE (AV)
63
AV valves between the right atrium and the right ventricle has three cusps and is called the?
TRICUSPID VALVE
64
The AV valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle has two cusps ans is called the?
BICUSPID VALVE OR MITRAL
65
Each ventricle contains cone-shaped, muscular pillar called?
PAPILLARY MUSCLES
66
These muscles are attached by thin, strong, connective tissue strings called?
CHORDAE TENDINEAE
67
It is located between each ventricle and its associated great artery.
SEMILUNAR VALVE
68
Is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE
69
It is located between the left ventricle and aorta?
AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE
70
It is a plate of connective tissue, and it consists mainly of fibrous rings that surround the atrioventricular and semilunar valves and give them solid support?
CARDIAC SKELETON (FIBROUS SKELETON)
71
It provides the pathway for blood through the heart wall.
CORONARY ARTERIES AND CARDIAC VEINS
72
It supple blood to the wall of the heart
CORONARY ARTERIES
73
It originate from the base of the aorta, just above the aortic semilunar valve.
CORONARY ARTERIES
74
It originates in the left side of the aorta.
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
75
It lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus
ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY
76
It extends around the coronary sulcus on the left to the posterior surface of the heart.
CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY
77
It extends inferiorly along the lateral wall of the left ventricle from the circumflex artery.
LEFT MARGINAL ARTERY
78
It originates from the right side of the aorta.
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
79
It extends around the coronary sulcus on the right side of the posterior surface of the heart and give rise to the?
POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY
80
It lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus
POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY
81
It extends inferiorly along the lateral walk of the right ventricle.
RIGHT MARGINALARTERY
82
In the wall of the heart is thick and metabolically very active and therefore requires an ample blood supply.
CARDIAC MUSCLE
83
It drains blood from the cardiac muscle.
CARDIAC VEINS
84
Their pathways are nearly parallel to the coronary arteries, and most of them drain blood into the?
CORONARY SINUS
85
A large vein located within the coronary sinus on the posterior aspect of the heart?
CORONARY SINUS
86
The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue:
EPICARDIUM
MYOCARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM
87
Also called the visceral pericardium, is a thin serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface of the heart.
EPICARDIUM
88
The thick middle later of the heart?
MYOCARDIUM
89
Is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for contraction of the heart chambers.
MYOCARDIUM
90
The smooth inner surface of the heart chambers, which consists of a simple squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue.
ENDOCARDIUM
91
It allows the blood to move easily through the heart.
ENDOCARDIUM
92
When a blood clot, or thrombus, suddenly blocks a coronary blood vessel, occurs?.
HEART ATTACK OR CORONARY THROMBOSIS
93
The region of dead heart fissue is called an?
INFARCT
94
The person suffers from fatigue and often experiences pain in the area of the chest and usually in the left arm with the slightest exertion. The pain is called?
ANGINA PECTORIS
95
is a procedure in which a surgeon threads a small balloon through the aorta and into a coronary artery.
ANGIOPLASTY
96
is a surgical proce dure that relieves the effects of obstructions in the coronary arteries.
CORONARY BYPASS
97
are elongated, branching cells that contain one, or occasionally two, centrally located nuclei.
CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS
98
contain actin and myosin myofilaments organized to form sarcomeres, which are joined end-to-end to form myofibrils
CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS
99
enter cardiac muscle cells in response to action potentials and activate the process of contraction much as they do in skeletal muscle.
CALCIUM ION
100
are bound end-to-end and laterally to adjacent cells by specialized cell-o-cell contacts called?
INTERCALLATED DISK
101
Specialized cell membrue structures in the intercalated disks called _____ allow cytoplasm to flow freely between cells.
GAP JUNCTIONS
102
a period of slow repolarization
PLATEAU PHASE
103
At the end of the plateau phase, a rapid ___ tales place.
REPOLARIZATION
104
Action potentials in cardiac muscle exhibit a ____\_, like that of action potentials in skeletal muscle and in neu-rons.
REFRACTORY PERIOD
105
Contraction of the atria and ventricles is coordinated by specialized cardiac muscle cells in the heart wall that form the
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
106
5 CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
SINOATRIAL NODE
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE
ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE
RIGHT AND LEFT BUNDLE BRANCES
PURKINJE FIBERS
107
which functions as the heart's pacemaker, is located in the superior wall of the right atrium and initiates the contraction of the heart.
SINOATRIAL NODE
108
It is located in the lower portion of the right atrium.
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE
109
When action potentials reach the AV node, they spread slowly through it and then into a bundle of specialized cardiac muscled called?
ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE
110
the AV bundle then divides into two branches of conducting tissue called?
LEFT AND RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCHES
111
It pass to the apex of the heart and then extend to the cardiac muscle of the ventricle walls.
PURKINJE FIBERS
112
It may cause very small portions of the heart to contract rapidly and independently of all other areas.
ECTOPIC BEATS
113
It reduces the output of the heart to only a few milliliters of blood per minute when it occurs in the ventricles.
FIBRILLATION
114
Heart rate in excess of 100 beats per minute
TACHYCARDIA
115
Heart rate less than 60 bpm
BRADYCARDIA
116
It act as the primer pumps because they complete the filling of the ventricles with blood.
ATRIA
117
It act as the power pumps because they produce the major force that causes blood to flow through the pulmonary and systemic regulation.
VENTRICLE
118
It refers to the repetitive pumping process that begins with the onset of cardiac muscle contraction and ends with the beginning of the next contraction.
CARDIAC CYCLE
119
Refers to the contraction of two atria,
ATRIAL SYSTOLE
120
Refers to the contraction of two ventricles.
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
121
Refers to relaxation of the two atria.
ATRIAL DIASTOLE
122
Refers to relaxation of the two ventricle.
VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE
123
During the ____ changes in chamber pressure and the opening and closing of the heart valves determine the direction of blood movement.
CARDIAC CYCLE
124
Was originally developes to listen to the sounds of the lungs and heart and is now used to listen to other sound of the body.
STETHOSCOPE
125
two main heart sounds
LUBB
DUPP
126
The first heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole and results from closure of the AV valves.
LUBB
127
The second heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole and results from closure or the semilunar valves.
DUPP
128
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE OCCURS BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND HEART SIUNDS.
129
(VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE OCCURS BETWEEN THE SECOND HEART SOUND AND THE FIRST HEART SOUND OF THE NEXT BEAT.)
130
In some individuals, a heart valve does not close completely and thus is called an.
INCOMPETENT VALVE
131
Abnormal heart sounds called?
MURMURS
132
It is usually a result of faulty valves?
MURMURS
133
When the opening of a valve is narrowed or ____, a swishing sound precedes closure of the stenosed valve:
STENOSED
134
It is the volume of blood pumped by either ventricle of the heart each minute.
CARDIAC OUTPUT
135
Is the volume of blood pumped per ventricle each time the heart contracts.
STROKE VOLUME
136
Is the number of times the heart contracts each minute.
HEART RATE
137
How many beats/mins does the heart rate have under resting conditions?
72 beats/min
138
How many mL/beat does the stroke volume have under resting conditions?
70 mL/beat
139
How many L/min does the cardiac output have under resting conditions?
More than 5 L/min
140
Refers to mechanisms contained within the heart itself.
INTRINSIC REGUALTION
141
The degree to which the ventricular walls are stretched at the end of diastole?
PRELOAD
142
What do you call the amount of the blood that returns to the heart?
VENOUS RETURN
143
The relationship between preload and stroke volume is called?
STARLING’S LAW OF THE HEART
144
Refers to the pressure against which the ventricles must pump blood.
AFTERLOAD
145
Refers to the mechanisms external tot he heart, such as either nervous or chemical regulation.
EXTRINSIC REGULATION
146
is a mechanism of the nervous system that plays an important role in regulating heart functions.
BARORECEPTOR FEFLEX
147
Are stretch receptors that monitor the blood pressure in the aorta and in the wall of the internal carotid arteries, which carry blood to the brain.
BARORECEPTORS
148
It receives and integrates action potentials from the baroreceptors.
CARDIOREGULATORY CENTER
149
It controls the action potential frequency in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers extend from the brain and spinal cord to the heart.
CARDIOREGULATORY CENTER
150
An extract of the foxglove plant, shoes and strengthens contractions of the heart muscles.
DIGITALIS
151
This drug is frequently given to heart failure patients, although it can also be used to treat atrial tachycardia.
DIGITALIS
152
Causes dilation of all the veins and arteries with increasing heart rate or stroke volume.
NITROGLYCERIN
153
Decrease the rate and strength of cardiac muscle contractions, thus reducing the heart’s O2 demand.
BEAT-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
154
It ensure one-way flow of blood.
HEART VALVES
155
It is a sac consisting of fibrous and serous pericardia.
PERICARDIUM
156
It is lined by the parietal pericardium.
FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
157
It separates the right atrium and the right ventricle.
TRICUSPID VALVE
158
It separates the left atrium and the left ventricle.
BICUSPID VALVE
159
It is a record of electrical events within the heart.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)
160
Can used to detect the abnormal heart rates of rhythms, abnormal conduction pathways, hypertrophy or atrophy of the heart, and the approximate location of damaged cardiac muscles.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)
