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PRE-FINAL HPP > HEART > Flashcards

HEART Flashcards

1
Q

It refer to as the seat of strong emotions.

A

HEART

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2
Q

It is a muscular organ that is essential for life because it pumps blood through the body.

A

HEART

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3
Q

It flow through a pipe only if they are forced to do so.

A

FLUIDS

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4
Q

It makes up the cardiovascular system

A

HEART
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD

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5
Q

The heart, blood vessel and blood make up the?

A

Cardiovascular System

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6
Q

How many liters of blood per minute does the heart of a healthy adult pumps?

A

5 LITERS

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7
Q

For most people, the heart continues to pump at approximately that rate for more than?

A

75 YEARS

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8
Q

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart through vessels of the?

A

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

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9
Q

The left side of the heart pumps blood to all other tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart through vessels of the?

A

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

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10
Q

Contractions of the heart generate blood pressure, which forces blood through the blood vessel.

A

GENERATING BLOOD PRESSURE

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11
Q

The heart separates the pulmonary and systemic circulations, which ensures the flow of oxygen-rich blood to tissues.

A

ROUTING BLOOD

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12
Q

The valves of the heart ensure a one-way flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels.

A

ENSURING ONE-WAY BLOOD FLOW

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13
Q

Changes in the rate and force of heart contraction match blood flow to the changing metabolic needs of the tissue during rest, exercise, and changes in body position.

A

REGULATING BLOOD SUPPLY

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14
Q

It is shape like a blunt cone and is approximately the size of a closed fist.

A

ADULT HEART

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15
Q

What do you call the blunt rounded point of the heart?

A

APEX

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16
Q

What do you call the larger flat part at the opposite end of the heart?

A

BASE

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17
Q

It is located in the thoracic cavity between the two pleural cavities that surround the lungs.

A

HEART

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18
Q

The heart, trachea, esophagus, and associated structures form a midline portion called?

A

MEDIASTINUM

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19
Q

The heart is surrounded by its own cavity called?

A

PERICARDIAL CAVITY

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20
Q

Meaning of CPR

A

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

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21
Q

It is an emergency procedure that maintains blood flow in the body if a person’s heart stop.

A

CPR (CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION)

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22
Q

The heart lies in the?

A

PERICARDIAL CAVITY

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23
Q

The pericardial cavity is formed by the?

A

PERICARDIUM

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24
Q

It surrounds the heart and anchors it within the mediastinum.

A

PERICARDIUM

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25
Q

2 layers of pericardium

A

FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
SEROUS PERICARDIUM

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26
Q

The outer layer in tough, fibrous connective tissue and is called the?

A

FIBROUS PERICARDIUM

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27
Q

The inner layer consists of flat epithelial cells with a thin layer of connective tissue and is called the?

A

SEROUS PERICARDIUM

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28
Q

2 parts of serous pericardium

A

PARIETAL PERICARDIUM
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM

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29
Q

The part lining the fibrous pericardium is the?

A

PARIETAL PERICARDIUM

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30
Q

It is the part covering the heart surface.

A

VISCERAL PERICARDIUM

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31
Q

It is located at the base of the heart

A

LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIA

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32
Q

It extend from the base of the heart towards the apex.

A

VENTRICLES

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33
Q

It extends around the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles.

A

CORONARY SULCUS

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34
Q

It extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus on the anterior surface of the heart .

A

ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR AULCUS

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35
Q

It extends inferiorly from the coronsry sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart

A

POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR SILCIS

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36
Q

It is an inflammation of the serous pericardium.

A

PERICARDITIS

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37
Q

It is a potentially fatal condition in which fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compressed the heart from the outside.

A

CARDIA TEMPONADE

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38
Q

Extends from the heart and it separates the atria from the ventricles.

A

CORONARY SULCUS

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39
Q

How many large veins carry blood to the atria of the heart

A

6 LARGE VEINS

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40
Q

It carry blood from the body to the right atrium.

A

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA

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41
Q

Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

A

FOUR PULMONARY VEINS

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42
Q

Arising from the right ventricle, splits into the right and left pulmonary arteries which carry blood to the lungs.

A

PULMONARY TRUNK

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43
Q

It arises from the left ventricle, carries blood to the rest of the body.

A

AORTA

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44
Q

4 chambers of heart

A

LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIA
RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES

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45
Q

It is a muscular pump consisting of four chambers.

A

Heart

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46
Q

Blood enters the atria of the heart through blood vessels called?

A

VEINS

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47
Q

It function primarily as reservoirs, where blood returning from veins collects before it enters the ventricles.

A

ATRIA

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48
Q

It receives blood from three major openings.

A

RIGHT ATRIUM

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49
Q

Three major openings of right atrium:

A

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
CORONARY SINUS

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50
Q

It drain blood from most of the body.

A

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

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51
Q

It drains blood from most of the heart muscle.

A

CORONARY SINUS

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52
Q

It receives blood through the four pulmonary veins, and it drain blood from the LUNGS.

A

LEFT ATRIUM

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53
Q

The two atria are separated from each other by a partition called the?

A

INTERATRIAL SEPTUM

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54
Q

It is the major pumping chambers.

A

VENTRICLES

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55
Q

It pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE

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56
Q

It pumps blood into the aorta.

A

LEFT VENTRICLE

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57
Q

The two ventricles are separated from each other by the muscular..

A

INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

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58
Q

(The wall of the LEFT VENTRICLE is thicker than the wall of the RIGHT VENTRICLE.

A
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59
Q

(The wall of the LEFT VENTRICLE contracts more forcefully and generates a greater blood pressure than the wall of the RIGHT VENTRICLE)

A
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60
Q

The one-way flow of blood through the heart chambers is maintained by the?

A

HEART VALVES

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61
Q

2 types of heart valves:

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
SEMILUNAR VALVES

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62
Q

It is located between each atrium and ventricle.

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE (AV)

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63
Q

AV valves between the right atrium and the right ventricle has three cusps and is called the?

A

TRICUSPID VALVE

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64
Q

The AV valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle has two cusps ans is called the?

A

BICUSPID VALVE OR MITRAL

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65
Q

Each ventricle contains cone-shaped, muscular pillar called?

A

PAPILLARY MUSCLES

66
Q

These muscles are attached by thin, strong, connective tissue strings called?

A

CHORDAE TENDINEAE

67
Q

It is located between each ventricle and its associated great artery.

A

SEMILUNAR VALVE

68
Q

Is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.

A

PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE

69
Q

It is located between the left ventricle and aorta?

A

AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE

70
Q

It is a plate of connective tissue, and it consists mainly of fibrous rings that surround the atrioventricular and semilunar valves and give them solid support?

A

CARDIAC SKELETON (FIBROUS SKELETON)

71
Q

It provides the pathway for blood through the heart wall.

A

CORONARY ARTERIES AND CARDIAC VEINS

72
Q

It supple blood to the wall of the heart

A

CORONARY ARTERIES

73
Q

It originate from the base of the aorta, just above the aortic semilunar valve.

A

CORONARY ARTERIES

74
Q

It originates in the left side of the aorta.

A

LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

75
Q

It lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus

A

ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY

76
Q

It extends around the coronary sulcus on the left to the posterior surface of the heart.

A

CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY

77
Q

It extends inferiorly along the lateral wall of the left ventricle from the circumflex artery.

A

LEFT MARGINAL ARTERY

78
Q

It originates from the right side of the aorta.

A

RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

79
Q

It extends around the coronary sulcus on the right side of the posterior surface of the heart and give rise to the?

A

POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY

80
Q

It lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus

A

POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY

81
Q

It extends inferiorly along the lateral walk of the right ventricle.

A

RIGHT MARGINALARTERY

82
Q

In the wall of the heart is thick and metabolically very active and therefore requires an ample blood supply.

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

83
Q

It drains blood from the cardiac muscle.

A

CARDIAC VEINS

84
Q

Their pathways are nearly parallel to the coronary arteries, and most of them drain blood into the?

A

CORONARY SINUS

85
Q

A large vein located within the coronary sinus on the posterior aspect of the heart?

A

CORONARY SINUS

86
Q

The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue:

A

EPICARDIUM
MYOCARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM

87
Q

Also called the visceral pericardium, is a thin serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface of the heart.

A

EPICARDIUM

88
Q

The thick middle later of the heart?

A

MYOCARDIUM

89
Q

Is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for contraction of the heart chambers.

A

MYOCARDIUM

90
Q

The smooth inner surface of the heart chambers, which consists of a simple squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue.

A

ENDOCARDIUM

91
Q

It allows the blood to move easily through the heart.

A

ENDOCARDIUM

92
Q

When a blood clot, or thrombus, suddenly blocks a coronary blood vessel, occurs?.

A

HEART ATTACK OR CORONARY THROMBOSIS

93
Q

The region of dead heart fissue is called an?

A

INFARCT

94
Q

The person suffers from fatigue and often experiences pain in the area of the chest and usually in the left arm with the slightest exertion. The pain is called?

A

ANGINA PECTORIS

95
Q

is a procedure in which a surgeon threads a small balloon through the aorta and into a coronary artery.

A

ANGIOPLASTY

96
Q

is a surgical proce dure that relieves the effects of obstructions in the coronary arteries.

A

CORONARY BYPASS

97
Q

are elongated, branching cells that contain one, or occasionally two, centrally located nuclei.

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS

98
Q

contain actin and myosin myofilaments organized to form sarcomeres, which are joined end-to-end to form myofibrils

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS

99
Q

enter cardiac muscle cells in response to action potentials and activate the process of contraction much as they do in skeletal muscle.

A

CALCIUM ION

100
Q

are bound end-to-end and laterally to adjacent cells by specialized cell-o-cell contacts called?

A

INTERCALLATED DISK

101
Q

Specialized cell membrue structures in the intercalated disks called _____ allow cytoplasm to flow freely between cells.

A

GAP JUNCTIONS

102
Q

a period of slow repolarization

A

PLATEAU PHASE

103
Q

At the end of the plateau phase, a rapid ___ tales place.

A

REPOLARIZATION

104
Q

Action potentials in cardiac muscle exhibit a _____, like that of action potentials in skeletal muscle and in neu-rons.

A

REFRACTORY PERIOD

105
Q

Contraction of the atria and ventricles is coordinated by specialized cardiac muscle cells in the heart wall that form the

A

CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART

106
Q

5 CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART

A

SINOATRIAL NODE
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE
ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE
RIGHT AND LEFT BUNDLE BRANCES
PURKINJE FIBERS

107
Q

which functions as the heart’s pacemaker, is located in the superior wall of the right atrium and initiates the contraction of the heart.

A

SINOATRIAL NODE

108
Q

It is located in the lower portion of the right atrium.

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

109
Q

When action potentials reach the AV node, they spread slowly through it and then into a bundle of specialized cardiac muscled called?

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE

110
Q

the AV bundle then divides into two branches of conducting tissue called?

A

LEFT AND RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCHES

111
Q

It pass to the apex of the heart and then extend to the cardiac muscle of the ventricle walls.

A

PURKINJE FIBERS

112
Q

It may cause very small portions of the heart to contract rapidly and independently of all other areas.

A

ECTOPIC BEATS

113
Q

It reduces the output of the heart to only a few milliliters of blood per minute when it occurs in the ventricles.

A

FIBRILLATION

114
Q

Heart rate in excess of 100 beats per minute

A

TACHYCARDIA

115
Q

Heart rate less than 60 bpm

A

BRADYCARDIA

116
Q

It act as the primer pumps because they complete the filling of the ventricles with blood.

A

ATRIA

117
Q

It act as the power pumps because they produce the major force that causes blood to flow through the pulmonary and systemic regulation.

A

VENTRICLE

118
Q

It refers to the repetitive pumping process that begins with the onset of cardiac muscle contraction and ends with the beginning of the next contraction.

A

CARDIAC CYCLE

119
Q

Refers to the contraction of two atria,

A

ATRIAL SYSTOLE

120
Q

Refers to the contraction of two ventricles.

A

VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

121
Q

Refers to relaxation of the two atria.

A

ATRIAL DIASTOLE

122
Q

Refers to relaxation of the two ventricle.

A

VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE

123
Q

During the ____ changes in chamber pressure and the opening and closing of the heart valves determine the direction of blood movement.

A

CARDIAC CYCLE

124
Q

Was originally developes to listen to the sounds of the lungs and heart and is now used to listen to other sound of the body.

A

STETHOSCOPE

125
Q

two main heart sounds

A

LUBB
DUPP

126
Q

The first heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole and results from closure of the AV valves.

A

LUBB

127
Q

The second heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole and results from closure or the semilunar valves.

A

DUPP

128
Q

VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE OCCURS BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND HEART SIUNDS.

A
129
Q

(VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE OCCURS BETWEEN THE SECOND HEART SOUND AND THE FIRST HEART SOUND OF THE NEXT BEAT.)

A
130
Q

In some individuals, a heart valve does not close completely and thus is called an.

A

INCOMPETENT VALVE

131
Q

Abnormal heart sounds called?

A

MURMURS

132
Q

It is usually a result of faulty valves?

A

MURMURS

133
Q

When the opening of a valve is narrowed or ____, a swishing sound precedes closure of the stenosed valve:

A

STENOSED

134
Q

It is the volume of blood pumped by either ventricle of the heart each minute.

A

CARDIAC OUTPUT

135
Q

Is the volume of blood pumped per ventricle each time the heart contracts.

A

STROKE VOLUME

136
Q

Is the number of times the heart contracts each minute.

A

HEART RATE

137
Q

How many beats/mins does the heart rate have under resting conditions?

A

72 beats/min

138
Q

How many mL/beat does the stroke volume have under resting conditions?

A

70 mL/beat

139
Q

How many L/min does the cardiac output have under resting conditions?

A

More than 5 L/min

140
Q

Refers to mechanisms contained within the heart itself.

A

INTRINSIC REGUALTION

141
Q

The degree to which the ventricular walls are stretched at the end of diastole?

A

PRELOAD

142
Q

What do you call the amount of the blood that returns to the heart?

A

VENOUS RETURN

143
Q

The relationship between preload and stroke volume is called?

A

STARLING’S LAW OF THE HEART

144
Q

Refers to the pressure against which the ventricles must pump blood.

A

AFTERLOAD

145
Q

Refers to the mechanisms external tot he heart, such as either nervous or chemical regulation.

A

EXTRINSIC REGULATION

146
Q

is a mechanism of the nervous system that plays an important role in regulating heart functions.

A

BARORECEPTOR FEFLEX

147
Q

Are stretch receptors that monitor the blood pressure in the aorta and in the wall of the internal carotid arteries, which carry blood to the brain.

A

BARORECEPTORS

148
Q

It receives and integrates action potentials from the baroreceptors.

A

CARDIOREGULATORY CENTER

149
Q

It controls the action potential frequency in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers extend from the brain and spinal cord to the heart.

A

CARDIOREGULATORY CENTER

150
Q

An extract of the foxglove plant, shoes and strengthens contractions of the heart muscles.

A

DIGITALIS

151
Q

This drug is frequently given to heart failure patients, although it can also be used to treat atrial tachycardia.

A

DIGITALIS

152
Q

Causes dilation of all the veins and arteries with increasing heart rate or stroke volume.

A

NITROGLYCERIN

153
Q

Decrease the rate and strength of cardiac muscle contractions, thus reducing the heart’s O2 demand.

A

BEAT-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS

154
Q

It ensure one-way flow of blood.

A

HEART VALVES

155
Q

It is a sac consisting of fibrous and serous pericardia.

A

PERICARDIUM

156
Q

It is lined by the parietal pericardium.

A

FIBROUS PERICARDIUM

157
Q

It separates the right atrium and the right ventricle.

A

TRICUSPID VALVE

158
Q

It separates the left atrium and the left ventricle.

A

BICUSPID VALVE

159
Q

It is a record of electrical events within the heart.

A

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)

160
Q

Can used to detect the abnormal heart rates of rhythms, abnormal conduction pathways, hypertrophy or atrophy of the heart, and the approximate location of damaged cardiac muscles.

A

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)

PRE-FINAL HPP (2 decks)

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