BLOOD VESSEL AND CIRCULATION Flashcards by Jeehada Palinta

The ____ of the body form a network more complex than an interstate highway system.

BLOOD VESSEL

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It carry blood to within two or three cell diameter of nearly all the trillions of cells that make up in the body.

BLOOD VESSEL

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Blood vessels remain functional, in most cases, in excess of ____ years.

75 years

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(WHEN BLOOD VESSELS ARE DAMAGED, THEY REPAIR THEMSELVES)

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2 classes of blood vessel outside the heart:

PULMONARY VESSELS
SYSTEMIC VESSELS

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It transport blood from the right ventricle of the heart through the lungs and back to the left atrium.

PULMONARY VESSELS

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It transport blood from the left ventricle of the heart through all parts of the body back to the right atrium.

SYSTEMIC VESSELS.

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Blood vessels carry blood from the heart to all the tissues of the body and back to the heart.

CARRIES BLOOD

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Nutrients and O2 diffuse from blood vessels to cells in essentially all areas of the body. Waste products and CO2 diffuse from the cells, where they are produced, to blood vessels.

EXCHANGES NUTRIENTS, WASTE PRODUCTS, AND GASES WITH TISSUES.

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Blood transport hormones, components of the immune system, molecules required for coagulation, enzymes, nutrients, gases, waste products and other substances to and from all areas of the body.

TRANSPORTS SUBSTANCES

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The circulatory system and the heart work together to regulate blood pressure within a normal range.

HELPS REGULATE BLOOD PRESSURE

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The circulatory system directs blood to tissues when increased blood flow is required to maintain homeostasis.

DIRECTS BLOOD FLOW TO THE TISSUES

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Three main types of blood vessels are:

ARTERIES
CAPILLARIES
VEINS

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It carry blood away from the heart, usually the blood is oxygenated.

ARTERIES

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(BLOOD IS PUMPED FROM THE VENTRICLES OF THE HEART INTO LARGE, ELASTIC ARTERIES, WHICH BRANCH REPEATEDLY TO FORM PROGRESSIVELY SMALLER ARTERIES.)

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Blood flow from arterioles into _____?

CAPILLARIES

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_____has thinner walls than do arteries.

CAPILLARIES

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(BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH CAPILLARIES MORE SLOWLY, AND THERE ARE FAR MORE OF THEM THAN OF ANY OTHER BLOOD VESSEL TYPE?

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From the capillaries, blood flows into the?

VEINS

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It carry blood towards the heart: usually the blood is deoxygenated.

VEINS

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Blood vessel walls consist of three layers or TUNICS:

TUNICA INTIMA
TUNICA MEDIA
TUNICA ADVENTITIA

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innermost layer, consists of an endothelium composed of single squamous epithelial cells, a basement membrane, and a small amount of connective tissue.

TUNICA INTIMA

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middle layer, consists of smooth muscle cells arranged circularly around the blood vessel.

TUNICA MEDIA

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It is composed of dense connective tissue adjacent to the tunica media; the tissue becomes loose connective tissue toward the outer portion of the blood vessel wall.

TUNICA ADVENTITIA

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Are the largest diameter arteries and have the thickest walls.

ELASTIC ARTERIES

The aorta and pulmonary trunk are examples of ____?

ELASTIC ARTERIES

include medium-sized and small arteries.

MUSCULAR ARTERIES

Medium-sized arteries are frequently called _____ because the smooth muscle tissue enables these vessels to control blood flow to different body regions.?

DISTRIBUTING ARTERIES

Contraction of the smooth muscle in blood vessel, called _____ decreases blood vessel diameter and blood flow.

VASOCONSTRICTION

Relaxation of the smooth muscle in blood vessels, called ____ increases blood vessel diameter and blood flow.

VASODILATION

Transport blood from small arteries to capillaries.

ARTERIOLES

are the smallest arteries in which the three tunics can be identified.

ARTERIOLES

Blood flow though capillary network is regulated by smooth muscle cells called?

PRECAPILLARY SPHINCTERS

Capillary walls consists ____, which is a layer of simple squamous epithelium surrounded by delicate loose connective tissue.

ENDOTHELIUM

have a diameter slightly larger than that of capillaries and are compose of endothelium resting on a delicate connective tissue layer.

VENULES

is the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart.

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

Blood from the right ventricle is pumped into a short vessel called?

PULMONARY TRUNK

Is the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the tissues of the body back to the right atrium.

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

All arteries of the systemic circulation branch directly or indirectly from the ____

AORTA

The aorta is considered in three parts:

ASCENDING AORTA AORTIC ARCH DESCENDING AORTA

Descending aorta is divided into two:

THORACIC AORTA ABDOMINAL AORTA

is the part of the aorta that passes superiorly from the left ventricle.

ASCENDING AORTA

The right and left _____ arise from the base of the ascending aorta and supply blood to the heart.

CORONARY ARTERIES

The aorta arches posteriorly and to the left as the?

AORTIC ARCH

Is the longest part of the aorta?

DESCENDING AORTA

It extend through the thorax and abdomen to the upper margin of the pelvis.

DESCNDING AORTA

The part of the descending aorta that extend through the thorax to the diaphragm is called the?

THORACIC AORTA

Is a localized dilation of an artery that usually develops in response to a trauma or a congenital (existing at birth) weakness of the artery wall.

ARTERIAL ANEURYSM

The first vessel to arch in the aortic arch?

BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERY

This artery extends a short distance and then branches at the level of the clavicle to form the?

RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

It transport blood to the right side of the head and neck.

RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

It transport blood to the right upper limb

RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

It transport blood to the left side of the head and neck

LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

Transport blood to the left upper limb

LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

The base of each internal carotid artery is slightly dilated to form a ______, which contains structures important in monitoring blood pressure.

CAROTID SINUS

Some of the blood to the brain is supplied to the ______, which branch from the subclavian arteries and pass to the head through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae.

VERTEBRAL ARTERIES

(THE ARTERIES OF THE UPPER LIMBS ARE NAMED DIFFERENTLY AS THEY PASS INTO DIFFERENT BODY REGIONS, EVEN THOUGH NO MAJOR BRANCHING OCCURS)

The subclavian artery, located deep to the clavicle, becomes the _____ in the axilla.

AXILLARY ARTERY

When the axillary artery extends into the arm, it is then referred to as the ?

BRACHIAL ARTERY

(BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS ARE NORMALLY TAKEN FROM THE BRACHIAL ARTERY)

The brachial artery branches at the elbow to form the ____, ____ which supply blood to the forearm and hand.

ULNAR ARTERY RADIAL ARTERY

(THE RADIAL ARTERY IS THE ONE MOST COMMONLY USED FOR TAKING A PULSE.)

2 branches of the thoracic aorta:

VISCERAL ARTERIES PARIETAL ARTERIES

It supply the thoracic organs.

VISCERAL ARTERIES

It supply the thoracic wall.

PARIETAL ARTERIES

It arises from the thoracic aorta and extend between the ribs.

POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES

They supply the intercoastal muscles, the vertebrae, the spinal cord, and the deep muscles of the back.

POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES

It supply the diaphragm.

SUPERIOR PHRENIC ARTERIES

Are branches of the subclavian arteries.

INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERIES

It extend between the ribs to supply the anterior chest wall.

ANTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES

Three major unpaired branches:

CELIAC TRUNK SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARETERY

It supplies blood to the stomach, pancreas, spleen, upper duodenum and liver.

CELIAC TRUNK

It supplies blood to the small intestines and the upper portion of the large intestines.

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

It supplies blood to the remainder of the large intestines.

INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARETERY

It supply the kidneys.

RENAL ARTERIES

It supply the adrenal glands.

SUPRARENAL ARTERIES

Supply the testes in males.

TESTICULAR ARTERIES

Supply the ovaries in females.

OVARIAN ARTERIES

(THE PARIETAL BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA SUPPLY THE DIAPHRAGM AND ABDOMINAL WALL)

2 common iliac arteries:

EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY

The external iliac artery in the pelvis becomes the _____ in the thigh.

FEMORAL ARTERY

The femoral artery extends down the thigh and becomes the _______ in the popliteal space, which is the posterior region of the knee.

POPLITEAL ARTERY

The anterior tibial artery becomes the ______ in the ankle.

DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY

The posterior tibial artery give rise to the _________ which supplies the lateral leg and foot.

FIBULAR ARTERY

The deoxygenated blood from the tissues of the body returns to the heart through the _____?

VEINS

Returns blood from the head, neck, thorax, and upper limbs to the right atrium of the heart.

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

Returns blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs to the right atrium.

INFERIOR VENA CAVA

Which carry blood from the deep structures of the upper limbs, follow the same course as the arteries and are named for their respective arteries.

DEEP VEINS

The only noteworthy deep veins are the ____, which accompany the brachial artery and empty into the axillary vein.

BRACHIAL VEINS

A system of blood vessels that begins and ends with capillary beds and has no pumping mechanisms such as the heart, in between.

PORTAL SYSTEM

Begins with capillaries in the viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver.

HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM

2 major vessels of hepatic portal system

SPLENIC VEIN SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN

It empties into the splenic vein.

INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN

Carry blood from the kidneys.

RENAL VEINS

It drain the adrenal glands.

SUPRARENAL VEIN

Drain the testes in males

TESTICULAR VEINS

Drain the ovaries in females

OVARIAN VEINS

Is a measure of the force blood exerts against the blood vessel walls.

BLOOD PRESSURE

(IN ARTERIES BLOOD PRESSURE VALUES GO THROUGH A CYCLE THAT DEPENDS ON THE RHYTHMIC CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART)

What di you call the maximum value?

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

When the ventricles relax, blood pressure in the arteries falls to a minimum value called?

DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

Health professionals most often use the _____ method to determine blood pressure.

AUSCULTATORY

What do you call the vibrations in the blood and surrounding tissues that can be heard through the stethoscope.

KOROTKOFF SOUNDS

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures is called?

PULSE PRESSURE

Results from a disruption in the normal inwardly and outwardly directed pressures across the capillary walls.

EDEMA