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circulation > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

Triggered by coronary vasospasms

A

variant/Prinzmetal angina

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2
Q

chest pain that often occurs while resting at night

A

pinzmetal angina

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3
Q

Increase severity of chest pain that takes longer to resolve

A

unstable angina

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4
Q

exercise-induced chest pain or tightness

A

stable angina

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5
Q

left to right shunting

A

mixes oxygenated blood with venous blood

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6
Q

incomplete separation of right and left sides of heart

A

shunting

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7
Q

allows deoxygenated blood to mix with oxygenated blood

A

right to left shunting

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8
Q

blue babies (cyanotic)

A

right to left shunting

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9
Q

acyanotic condition

A

left to right shunting

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10
Q

most common cause of left-to-right shunting

A

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

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11
Q

atrial depolarization on EKG

A

P-wave

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12
Q

ventricular wall depolarization on EKG

A

QRS complex

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13
Q

Ventricular repolarization on EKG

A

T-wave

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14
Q

Most common rhythm disturbance

A

a-fib

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15
Q

Increases risk of thromboembolic events

A

Afib

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16
Q

Predisposes to ventricular fibrillation if sustained

A

ventricular tachycardia

17
Q

can occur as a complication of genetic syndromes of ion channel dysfunction

A

ventricular tachycardia

18
Q

Arises from genetic mutations that affect fast sodium channel or delayed potassium channel

A

Long QT syndrome

19
Q

Can precipitate the torsades de pointes form of ventricular tachycardia

A

Long QT syndrome

20
Q

Zofran can cause ____

A

Long QT syndrome

21
Q

heart rate x stroke volume =

A

cardiac output

22
Q

Degree of ventricular filling, stretch and pressure and end of diastole

A

preload

23
Q

increased filling leads to increased stroke volume

A

preload

24
Q

Pressure the heart must generate to open aortic valve and eject blood

A

Afterload

25
Q

Increased afterload leads to _____ stroke volume

A

decreased

26
Q

dependent on sympathetic nervous system stimulation (norepinephrine action on B1 receptors)

A

contractility

27
Q

Increased contractility _____ stroke volume

A

improves (exercise)

28
Q

decreased contractility _____ stroke volume

A

reduces (heart failure)

29
Q

Most common cause of increased afterload

A

hypertension

30
Q

Aortic stenosis can increase _____

A

afterload

31
Q

compensation for chronic increases in afterload

A

hypertrophy

32
Q

relaxation of ventricle is regulated by ____

A

sympathetic nervous system

33
Q

Pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

circulation (4 decks)

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