heart Flashcards
Triggered by coronary vasospasms
variant/Prinzmetal angina
chest pain that often occurs while resting at night
pinzmetal angina
Increase severity of chest pain that takes longer to resolve
unstable angina
exercise-induced chest pain or tightness
stable angina
left to right shunting
mixes oxygenated blood with venous blood
incomplete separation of right and left sides of heart
shunting
allows deoxygenated blood to mix with oxygenated blood
right to left shunting
blue babies (cyanotic)
right to left shunting
acyanotic condition
left to right shunting
most common cause of left-to-right shunting
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
atrial depolarization on EKG
P-wave
ventricular wall depolarization on EKG
QRS complex
Ventricular repolarization on EKG
T-wave
Most common rhythm disturbance
a-fib
Increases risk of thromboembolic events
Afib
Predisposes to ventricular fibrillation if sustained
ventricular tachycardia
can occur as a complication of genetic syndromes of ion channel dysfunction
ventricular tachycardia
Arises from genetic mutations that affect fast sodium channel or delayed potassium channel
Long QT syndrome
Can precipitate the torsades de pointes form of ventricular tachycardia
Long QT syndrome
Zofran can cause ____
Long QT syndrome
heart rate x stroke volume =
cardiac output
Degree of ventricular filling, stretch and pressure and end of diastole
preload
increased filling leads to increased stroke volume
preload
Pressure the heart must generate to open aortic valve and eject blood
Afterload
Increased afterload leads to _____ stroke volume
decreased
dependent on sympathetic nervous system stimulation (norepinephrine action on B1 receptors)
contractility
Increased contractility _____ stroke volume
improves (exercise)
decreased contractility _____ stroke volume
reduces (heart failure)
Most common cause of increased afterload
hypertension
Aortic stenosis can increase _____
afterload
compensation for chronic increases in afterload
hypertrophy
relaxation of ventricle is regulated by ____
sympathetic nervous system
Pacemaker of the heart
SA node
