Heart

Question 1

endocardium

Answer 1

The smooth, inside lining of the heart is called the endocardium

Question 2

myocardium

Answer 2

The middle layer of the heart muscle is called the myocardium

Question 3

pericardium

Answer 3

The pericardium is a thin sac that surrounds your heart. It protects and lubricates your heart and keeps it in place within your chest.

Question 4

Pulmonary Circuit

Answer 4

the part of the circulatory system that delivers blood to the lungs

Question 5

Systemic Circuit

Answer 5

the part of the circulatory system that delivers blood around the body

Question 6

Arteries

Answer 6

carry blood AWAY from the heart, they have thick muscular walls

Question 7

Arterioles

Answer 7

are smaller branches of arteries, they carry oxygen rich blood to the capillaries

Question 8

Capillaries

Answer 8

very small blood vessels which connect arterioles and venules. They are important for the interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 9

Veins

Answer 9

carry blood back to the heart; they have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Veins are not as muscular as arteries and must rely on skeletal muscles to transport blood back to the heart

Question 10

Venules

Answer 10

are small blood vessels that allow blood to return from the capillary beds to the veins

Question 11

sinoatrial node (SA)

Answer 11

The first bundle is called the sinoatrial node (SA) which acts as a pacemaker and sets a rhythm of about 72 beats per minute

Question 12

atrioventricular node (AV)

Answer 12

The second bundle, the atrioventricular node (AV) passes nerve impulses to the ventricles causing them to contract

Question 13

Blood pressure

Answer 13

Is the force of blood on the walls of the arteries
It measures the systolic and diastolic pressure of the blood filling and being expelled from the heart
The average adult has a systolic to diastolic pressure of
120 mm Hg /80 mm Hg

Question 14

Plasma

Answer 14

A fluid medium in which solid blood components are transported

Contains a number of dissolved proteins and nutrients

Albumins: determines how much water enters/ leaves bloodstream

Globulins: transport lipids, cholesterol, fat soluble minerals
Immunoglobulins help fight diseases

Fibrinogens: helps with blood clotting

Question 15

Erythrocytes

Answer 15

Produced in the bone marrow

Stored in spleen

Bioconcave shape which increases the surface area

Iron gives blood its red color

Question 16

Leukocytes

Answer 16

Aid in body defense mechanisms

Produced in bone marrow

Phagocytosis: engulfs bacteria and damaged cells

Pus forms at a cut which is a mixture of live and dead WBC, bacteria

Question 17

Thrombocytes

Answer 17

Blood clotting agents

They break open, releasing the enzymes and clotting factors which creates a plug

Fibrin forms a mesh to clot the wound

Scabs occur when fibrin, platelets and blood clots mesh together

Question 18

Components of blood

Answer 18

Blood is made in the bone marrow and stored in the spleen

55% is made up of plasma liquid

45% is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Question 19

What are the 4 main functions of circulatory system

Answer 19

1. Distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide
2. Distribution of nutrients and wastes
3. Maintain body temp
4. Circulation of hormones