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Hearing Impairment Flashcards

1
Q

How many people have a hearing loss?

A

1 in 6

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2
Q

Name some causes of hearing impairment

A 
Illness- eg infection, head injury, ototaxic (cancer) drugs 
Genetics - 50%of deafness 
30% syndromes 
Infection during pregnancy- rubella, CMV
Alcohol or drug abuse
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3
Q

Name some syndromes linked to hearing impairment

A 
Usher syndrome (deaf blind)
Down syndrome
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4
Q

What is the name for a malformed pinna

A

Microtia

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5
Q

What is the name for no pinna

A

Anotia

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6
Q

What is the name for no ear canal

A

Atresia

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7
Q

Name some non genetic causes of acquired hearing loss

A

Meningitis
Head injury
Measles
Ototoxic drugs

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8
Q

Proper name for glue ear

A

Otitis media with effusion

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9
Q

Why is there a higher incidence of glue ear in children and those with cleft palette and Down syndrome

A

Angle of Eustachian tube means fluid isn’t drained as easily

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10
Q

Two types of deafness

A

Conductive- problems in outer and middle ear

Sensorineural- problems in inner ear

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11
Q

What is auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder

A

Problems with auditory nerve

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12
Q

What is the process of looking in the ear called?

A

Otoscopy

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13
Q

What do you look for during otoscopy

A

Glue ear? Wax? Schlerosis (hardening of tissue)

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14
Q

Name 2 objective assessments

A

Auditory brain stem response
- measures electrical activity but limited frequencies
Otoacoustic emissions
- carried out in hospitals
- cochlear responds to sounds by sending sounds back

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15
Q

Describe 2 behavioural hearing tests

A 
Visual response audiometry 
- 6month - 3 years 
- conditioned response 
- sound played through speaker 
Pure tone audiometry 
-3-4 years 
- sound played through headphones, press button when heard
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16
Q

What is the main test for glue ear

A

Tymponometry

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17
Q

Which ear is which colour on audio gram?

A

Left- blue

Right- red

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18
Q

What scores on an audio gram correlate which which level of hearing impairment

A

Mild 20-40
Moderate 41-70
Severe 71-95
Profound 95+

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19
Q

Name the components of a hearing aid

A

Microphone - sound to electricity
Amplifier- increases strength of electrical signal
Receiver- electricity back into sound
Battery

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20
Q

Types of hearing aid

A

Behind the ear
In the ear
In the canal
Completely in the canal

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21
Q

Difference between bone conduction hearing aid and bone conduction hearing implant

A

Hearing aid- soft band, non surgical

Hearing implants - surgical, connecting element through skin or magnet

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22
Q

What is a frequency modulation system?

A

Radio aids
Enhance hearing aids and implants
Improve signal to noise ratio
Eg Soundfield

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23
Q

What is telecoil?

A

Magnetic signal produced by loop of wire eg at cinema

Setting on hearing aid - T position

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24
Q

Challenges when working with babies?

A

Size of ear/ear canal
Securing in position
Acoustic feedback (resolved by remote microphone)
Swallowing the battery (battery lock)

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25
What information is required from the audiologists
Audiogram Type of hearing loss When HA was fitted Name of ToD
26
Difference between congenital and acquired loss
Congenital- pre lingual | Acquired- post lingual
27
Describe some features of the auditory pathway
Auditory feedback- being able to hear yourself | Auditory discrimination of speech sounds
28
Name some expressive language difficulties
Grammar- eg missing Ed Sentence structure Limited vocab Narrative skills
29
Describe some semantic difficulties they may have
Delayed vocab | Unable to understand that words have multiple meanings
30
Describe some auditory memory difficulties
Find following complex instructions difficult Sustaining attention for long periods Listening to what is being said during lesson Remembering words presented orally
31
Which sounds are easier to hear and realise
Vowels Lower pitch Words with stress and intonation
32
What speech processes are common in deaf speakers?
``` Backing Bilabialisation - mainly alveolar sounds Palatalisation Sound intrusion Few fricatives Reduced syllables Omission of final sounds ```
33
What percentage of English sounds are lip readable?
40%
34
Name some impacts of a hearing loss
Increased mental health problems Increased anxiety Increased grade failure in school Low self esteem
35
What is incidental learning?
Learning that takes place in everyday settings | Natural - learning through play etc
36
What can you do to aid someone with a hearing impairment to understand
Use good eye contact Speak clearly One at a time Position yourself next to better ear
37
Impacts of mild/ unilateral hearing loss
Tiredness- concentrate on listening | Road safety- which direction traffic is coming from
38
How does the equality act 2010 help those with hearing impairment
Protects against discrimination | Schools have duty to make reasonable adjustments
39
Describe the SEND code of practice 2015
Assess Plan- how can school meet needs Do Review
40
What would be implemented in a deaf friendly school
``` BSL qualified staff Radio aids Pre/post lesson tutoring Visual aids Reducing fatigue breaks Adjustment to exams ```
41
What can help HI in primary school
Buddy system Phonics Pre/post teaching
42
Describe a sensorineural hearing loss
Outer and middle ear function well Damage to inner ear High frequency sounds go first
43
Why don’t hearing aids always work?
If too many hair cells are lost in the cochlear they won’t be effective
44
What is the criteria for seeing the implant team
Greater that 80dB hearing loss
45
How does a cochlear implant work?
- microphone picks up sound, processor converts to digital code - transmitting coil sends code to implant - implant converts digital code to electrical signal - electrode carries electrical signal to cochlear and stimulates auditory nerve - auditory nerve carries sound information to the brain
46
What does data logging show?
How much a person has been wearing implant, how often coil has been coming off, how much it is being put back on
47
Describe the programming of cochlear implants
3 weeks after operation Sound processor is connected to computer Threshold and comfort levels assessed
48
What is the improvement expected with an implant from profound loss
Expect to get to around 25dB
49
Benefits and downsides of cochlear implant
``` Benefit - access to spoken language - able to localise sound - improve speech intelligibility Downside - not as effective in background noise - no contact sports as internal part could move - difficulty with MRI scans ```
50
What is the role of the audiologist in cochlear implants
Assess pre-implant Test internal part of implant Programming of the processor Monitoring and support
51
What is the role of the teacher of the deaf
Monitor and assess functional listening Outreach- homes/schools Advise and support Workshops, training
52
Role of SLT in cochlear implant
``` Assess and monitor comprehension Speech skills and voice Assess communication Feedback to parents Training ```
53
What are the expectations post implant
6 months post- vocalising and babbling | 1 year- understand and say single words
54
What factors can impact implant outcome
Consistent use? Age of implant Additional needs Support
55
What assessments can be carried out with HI children
``` Usual ones but not always standardised Only SLT can complete CELF Some assessments can be done by ToD Receptive- TROG? CELF? Expressive- Renfrew BS/APT, STASS, DASS Speech- STAP, PETAL/HARPA (deaf specific) ```
56
Name some communication modes
``` Auditory oral approaches- Auditory Verbal Therapy Sign- makaton/ BSL Cued speech Total communication Lip reading Fingerspelling ```
57
What to look for when assessing deaf children
``` Attention and listening Play and interaction Understanding of language Use of language Speech sounds ```
58
Describe Erbers Hierarchy
``` 1992 Can they detect sound Can they discriminate sound Can they identify Can they understand ```
59
What are ling sounds
There are 6 They stretch the length of the speech banana If a child responds to all sounds they will have access to all sounds in English speech
60
What assessment is used for younger children
Monitoring protocol | Looks at listening/ play/ social interaction
61
Describe the HARPA
Shows which phonemes a child has acquired Checks if amplification is working Maps out consonant percentage onto speech banana
62
What is a SIR rating?
Speech intelligibility rating 5 point scale Good for outcome measures
63
Factors to consider in intervention
``` Motivation Age of child Language mode (BSL?) Amplification (are they wearing it) 1:1 or group ```
64
How to aid auditory memory
Visuals Smaller chunks of information Strategies - count bits of information on fingers? Auditory memory games- eg I went to market
65
Name some listening and comprehension interventions.
Listening- Ling sounds Listening out for environmental sounds eg kettle Active listening Comprehension- Vocab- black sheep? Semantics Concepts
66
What speech work can be done?
Achieving close approximations Syllable work Word boundaries- pausing
67
What is cued speech?
8 handshapes & 4 positions to clarify lip pattern of speech

SLP 3 (3 decks)

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