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SLP 3 > Hearing Impairment > Flashcards

Hearing Impairment Flashcards

1
Q

How many people have a hearing loss?

A

1 in 6

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2
Q

Name some causes of hearing impairment

A 
Illness- eg infection, head injury, ototaxic (cancer) drugs 
Genetics - 50%of deafness 
30% syndromes 
Infection during pregnancy- rubella, CMV
Alcohol or drug abuse
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3
Q

Name some syndromes linked to hearing impairment

A 
Usher syndrome (deaf blind)
Down syndrome
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4
Q

What is the name for a malformed pinna

A

Microtia

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5
Q

What is the name for no pinna

A

Anotia

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6
Q

What is the name for no ear canal

A

Atresia

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7
Q

Name some non genetic causes of acquired hearing loss

A

Meningitis
Head injury
Measles
Ototoxic drugs

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8
Q

Proper name for glue ear

A

Otitis media with effusion

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9
Q

Why is there a higher incidence of glue ear in children and those with cleft palette and Down syndrome

A

Angle of Eustachian tube means fluid isn’t drained as easily

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10
Q

Two types of deafness

A

Conductive- problems in outer and middle ear

Sensorineural- problems in inner ear

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11
Q

What is auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder

A

Problems with auditory nerve

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12
Q

What is the process of looking in the ear called?

A

Otoscopy

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13
Q

What do you look for during otoscopy

A

Glue ear? Wax? Schlerosis (hardening of tissue)

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14
Q

Name 2 objective assessments

A

Auditory brain stem response
- measures electrical activity but limited frequencies
Otoacoustic emissions
- carried out in hospitals
- cochlear responds to sounds by sending sounds back

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15
Q

Describe 2 behavioural hearing tests

A 
Visual response audiometry 
- 6month - 3 years 
- conditioned response 
- sound played through speaker 
Pure tone audiometry 
-3-4 years 
- sound played through headphones, press button when heard
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16
Q

What is the main test for glue ear

A

Tymponometry

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17
Q

Which ear is which colour on audio gram?

A

Left- blue

Right- red

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18
Q

What scores on an audio gram correlate which which level of hearing impairment

A

Mild 20-40
Moderate 41-70
Severe 71-95
Profound 95+

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19
Q

Name the components of a hearing aid

A

Microphone - sound to electricity
Amplifier- increases strength of electrical signal
Receiver- electricity back into sound
Battery

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20
Q

Types of hearing aid

A

Behind the ear
In the ear
In the canal
Completely in the canal

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21
Q

Difference between bone conduction hearing aid and bone conduction hearing implant

A

Hearing aid- soft band, non surgical

Hearing implants - surgical, connecting element through skin or magnet

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22
Q

What is a frequency modulation system?

A

Radio aids
Enhance hearing aids and implants
Improve signal to noise ratio
Eg Soundfield

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23
Q

What is telecoil?

A

Magnetic signal produced by loop of wire eg at cinema

Setting on hearing aid - T position

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24
Q

Challenges when working with babies?

A

Size of ear/ear canal
Securing in position
Acoustic feedback (resolved by remote microphone)
Swallowing the battery (battery lock)

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25
Q

What information is required from the audiologists

A

Audiogram
Type of hearing loss
When HA was fitted
Name of ToD

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26
Q

Difference between congenital and acquired loss

A

Congenital- pre lingual

Acquired- post lingual

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27
Q

Describe some features of the auditory pathway

A

Auditory feedback- being able to hear yourself

Auditory discrimination of speech sounds

28
Q

Name some expressive language difficulties

A

Grammar- eg missing Ed
Sentence structure
Limited vocab
Narrative skills

29
Q

Describe some semantic difficulties they may have

A

Delayed vocab

Unable to understand that words have multiple meanings

30
Q

Describe some auditory memory difficulties

A

Find following complex instructions difficult
Sustaining attention for long periods
Listening to what is being said during lesson
Remembering words presented orally

31
Q

Which sounds are easier to hear and realise

A

Vowels
Lower pitch
Words with stress and intonation

32
Q

What speech processes are common in deaf speakers?

A 
Backing 
Bilabialisation - mainly alveolar sounds 
Palatalisation 
Sound intrusion 
Few fricatives 
Reduced syllables 
Omission of final sounds
33
Q

What percentage of English sounds are lip readable?

A

40%

34
Q

Name some impacts of a hearing loss

A

Increased mental health problems
Increased anxiety
Increased grade failure in school
Low self esteem

35
Q

What is incidental learning?

A

Learning that takes place in everyday settings

Natural - learning through play etc

36
Q

What can you do to aid someone with a hearing impairment to understand

A

Use good eye contact
Speak clearly
One at a time
Position yourself next to better ear

37
Q

Impacts of mild/ unilateral hearing loss

A

Tiredness- concentrate on listening

Road safety- which direction traffic is coming from

38
Q

How does the equality act 2010 help those with hearing impairment

A

Protects against discrimination

Schools have duty to make reasonable adjustments

39
Q

Describe the SEND code of practice 2015

A

Assess
Plan- how can school meet needs
Do
Review

40
Q

What would be implemented in a deaf friendly school

A 
BSL qualified staff 
Radio aids 
Pre/post lesson tutoring 
Visual aids
Reducing fatigue breaks 
Adjustment to exams
41
Q

What can help HI in primary school

A

Buddy system
Phonics
Pre/post teaching

42
Q

Describe a sensorineural hearing loss

A

Outer and middle ear function well
Damage to inner ear
High frequency sounds go first

43
Q

Why don’t hearing aids always work?

A

If too many hair cells are lost in the cochlear they won’t be effective

44
Q

What is the criteria for seeing the implant team

A

Greater that 80dB hearing loss

45
Q

How does a cochlear implant work?

A
  • microphone picks up sound, processor converts to digital code
  • transmitting coil sends code to implant
  • implant converts digital code to electrical signal
  • electrode carries electrical signal to cochlear and stimulates auditory nerve
  • auditory nerve carries sound information to the brain
46
Q

What does data logging show?

A

How much a person has been wearing implant, how often coil has been coming off, how much it is being put back on

47
Q

Describe the programming of cochlear implants

A

3 weeks after operation
Sound processor is connected to computer
Threshold and comfort levels assessed

48
Q

What is the improvement expected with an implant from profound loss

A

Expect to get to around 25dB

49
Q

Benefits and downsides of cochlear implant

A 
Benefit
- access to spoken language 
- able to localise sound 
- improve speech intelligibility 
Downside 
- not as effective in background noise 
- no contact sports as internal part could move 
- difficulty with MRI scans
50
Q

What is the role of the audiologist in cochlear implants

A

Assess pre-implant
Test internal part of implant
Programming of the processor
Monitoring and support

51
Q

What is the role of the teacher of the deaf

A

Monitor and assess functional listening
Outreach- homes/schools
Advise and support
Workshops, training

52
Q

Role of SLT in cochlear implant

A 
Assess and monitor comprehension 
Speech skills and voice 
Assess communication 
Feedback to parents 
Training
53
Q

What are the expectations post implant

A

6 months post- vocalising and babbling

1 year- understand and say single words

54
Q

What factors can impact implant outcome

A

Consistent use?
Age of implant
Additional needs
Support

55
Q

What assessments can be carried out with HI children

A 
Usual ones but not always standardised 
Only SLT can complete CELF
Some assessments can be done by ToD 
Receptive- TROG? CELF?
Expressive- Renfrew BS/APT, STASS, DASS
Speech- STAP, PETAL/HARPA (deaf specific)
56
Q

Name some communication modes

A 
Auditory oral approaches- Auditory Verbal Therapy
Sign- makaton/ BSL
Cued speech 
Total communication 
Lip reading 
Fingerspelling
57
Q

What to look for when assessing deaf children

A 
Attention and listening 
Play and interaction
Understanding of language 
Use of language 
Speech sounds
58
Q

Describe Erbers Hierarchy

A 
1992
Can they detect sound
Can they discriminate sound 
Can they identify 
Can they understand
59
Q

What are ling sounds

A

There are 6
They stretch the length of the speech banana
If a child responds to all sounds they will have access to all sounds in English speech

60
Q

What assessment is used for younger children

A

Monitoring protocol

Looks at listening/ play/ social interaction

61
Q

Describe the HARPA

A

Shows which phonemes a child has acquired
Checks if amplification is working
Maps out consonant percentage onto speech banana

62
Q

What is a SIR rating?

A

Speech intelligibility rating
5 point scale
Good for outcome measures

63
Q

Factors to consider in intervention

A 
Motivation 
Age of child 
Language mode (BSL?)
Amplification (are they wearing it)
1:1 or group
64
Q

How to aid auditory memory

A

Visuals
Smaller chunks of information
Strategies - count bits of information on fingers?
Auditory memory games- eg I went to market

65
Q

Name some listening and comprehension interventions.

A

Listening-
Ling sounds
Listening out for environmental sounds eg kettle
Active listening

Comprehension-
Vocab- black sheep?
Semantics
Concepts

66
Q

What speech work can be done?

A

Achieving close approximations
Syllable work
Word boundaries- pausing

67
Q

What is cued speech?

A

8 handshapes & 4 positions to clarify lip pattern of speech

SLP 3 (3 decks)

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