ALD Flashcards
Describe the social model
Society causes disability
The environment is not supportive
Removing barriers necessary
How would the social model aim to help people with Down syndrome
Remove barriers
Increase adaptations
Change perception
Describe the genetic differences in those with Down syndrome
Extra chromosome 21
94-96% trisomy 21
Translocation- 2-4% piece of 21 breaks off
Mosaicism- 1-2% additional chromosome but not in every cell
Prevalence of Down syndrome in LD
21%
Name some features of Down syndrome
50% have heart defect
75% have hearing loss
50% require glasses
LE- 50-60 years
With reference to literature describe first word use in people with Down syndrome
Berglund (2001)
- 80% children didn’t produce first word until 2
75% reached 50 word milestone by 5 yrs
What is the difference in performance in children with Down syndrome in grammar
Poorer in receptive grammar
Perform similarly to children with Williams syndrome on receptive grammar (just LD?)
Perform differently on expressive grammar
Vicari (2000) children with Down syndrome produce shorter MLU and make more errors
Down syndrome evidence by Vicari (2000)
Poorer grammar than vocabulary
Shorter mean length utterances
Speech features in Down syndrome
Slower to develop
Different pattern of errors
Phonological loop poorer
Poorer language may be linked to poorer auditory skills?
When hearing a word, semantic, phonological and articulatory information not stored
Discuss stammering in Down syndrome
Common
Awareness may fade quicker
Communication system under stress
What is important to consider when working with people with Down syndrome
Use salient materials- things that interest them
Errorless learning- allowing success- increase self esteem
Meaningful outcomes- functional skills
What are the personal, environmental and social factors to consider when working with people with challenging behaviour
Personal- characteristics- mental health?
Environmental- staff training? How are they being supported?
Social- who do they communicate with? How?
Describe the heirarchy of needs
Maslow (1943) Physiological Safety Love/ belonging Esteem Self actualisation- morality, spontaneity
What are slow and fast triggers?
Slow- didn’t happen immediately before event- eg tired
Fast- immediately before- eg being told you aren’t allowed to do something
What are the 5 good communication standards?
- how best to communicate
- services support individual with communication
- staff value and use best approaches to communication
- service creates opportunity that make individuals want to communicate
- individuals supported to understand and express needs
What is involved in a care plan when working on behaviour support
Contributions from all MDT and patients
How to manage triggers
How to improve QoL to reduce frequency of behaviours
What to look for in assessment when looking at behaviour management?
History Physical and mental health Observations Comprehension? Communication environment? How do they communicate?
Define PMLD
Have profound intellectual disability Have more than one disability - eg impairment of vision - physical impairment - complex health needs
Features of PMLD
Severely limited understanding
Typically non verbal
High level of support needed
What is the mental capacity act, date?
2005
States every person over 16 has capacity to make own decisions unless proven otherwise
What is looked at in the assessment of capacity?
Impairment in the functioning of the mind
Understand all relevant information
Consider all options
Communicate decision
Is capacity the same for every decision
No capacity is decision specific
Every effort must be made to make the information meaningful before lack of capacity is deemed
What is the SLT role in supporting comprehension for capacity
Do they understand spoken/written word
Could information be made meaningful with photos/ symbols?
What is Accessible information standards?
2016
People with disability must be provided with information they can easily read/ understand
Service providers must
-identify information and communication needs
- record “”
-share “”
- meet “”
