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physio 01 23 > Hearing And Skeletal > Flashcards

Hearing And Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

auditory system consist of

A

ears and cochlea

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2
Q

vestibular system consist of

A

semicircular canals and otolith organs

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3
Q

auditory pathway

A

vestibular cochlea n. -> cochlea nuclei -> tranvserse temporal gyri

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4
Q

vestibular pathway

A

vestibulo cochlea n -> vestibular nuclei -> post. depth of sylvian fissure

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5
Q

sound waves consist of

A

compressions and depressions

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6
Q

whats a pure tone

A

a sinusoidal wave at fixed freq

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7
Q

speed of sound is at

A

335m/s

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8
Q

sound pressure is also called as

A

decibel

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9
Q

pure tone in human is at

A

20-20000 hz

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10
Q

lowest threshold is at 3000 hz

A

at 3000 hz

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11
Q

refernce freq is at

A

1000hz

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12
Q

normal speech is at

A

300 - 3500 hz

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13
Q

permanent damage to the auditory apparatus is at

A

more than 120 db

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14
Q

presbycusis is

A

a condition of hearing loss (higher threshold level)

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15
Q

resonant freq of the external ear is at

A

3500 hz

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16
Q

what is a bone conduction headphone

A

a headphoen that allows the sound to travel via conducted vibrations

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17
Q

middle ear pathway

A

in through the oval hole(oval window), out through the round hole (round window)

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18
Q

impedence matching device does what

A

increase the efficiency of energy transfer by 30db

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19
Q

what is an acoustic reflex

A

when the ear muscle pulls the bones in the ossicle apart to lessen the vibration

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20
Q

the name of the m. of acoustic reflex

A

stapedius and tensor tympani

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21
Q

the inner eat consist of

A

bony and membrous labyrinth, cochlea and vestibular apparatus

22
Q

what is a cochlea

A

a spiral shaped organ with a bony core called modiolus

23
Q

what organ is used for sound transduction

A

The cilia

24
Q

what are perilymph and endolymph

A

they ar fluids that fill in the structure

25
Q

hair cell restign potential is at

A

-60mv

26
Q

what are tip links

A

a mechanotransductor at the top of the cilia

27
Q

positive mechanical deformation allows

A

the movign towards the kinocilium, the opening of the stereocilia and allow the movement of the ions

28
Q

negative mechanical deformation allows

A

the moving away from the kinocilium to close the channel

29
Q

where does the peripheral processes end

A

at the hair cells

30
Q

where does the central processes end

A

at the cochlea nuclei

31
Q

types of hearing loss

A

sensorineural and conductive

32
Q

What is auditory test

A

audiometry

33
Q

semicircular canals function

A

for balance

34
Q

otolith organs consist of

A

saccule (verticle) and utricle (horizontal)

35
Q

otolith function

A

sense gravity and linear acceleration

36
Q

otolith contains

A

CACO3 crystals

37
Q

the hair in the otolith are diected via

A

striola

38
Q

what causes meniere’s disease

A

unproper reguation of the enolymph

39
Q

conditions of the meniere’s

A

dizziness, progressive hearing loss and vertigo

40
Q

Skeletal muscles are connected to bones by

A

Tendons

41
Q

Skeletal muscles are composed of hundreds to thousands of individual cells called

A

Sarcomeres

42
Q

The term motor unit refers to

A

One motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates

43
Q

The motor neuron and muscle fiber intersect at what is called

A

The neuromuscular junction

44
Q

A twitch is

A

One contractile response to a single action potential.

45
Q

An action potential in a motor neuron triggers the release of which neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

46
Q

The graded depolarization in the skeletal muscle fiber that is elicited in response to one action potential from the motor neuron is called

A

A threshold potential

47
Q

Which of the following is not a phase of a skeletal muscle twitch

A

Hyperpolarization phase

48
Q

Which of the following correctly matches the twitch phase with its definition

A

The contraction phase: the time between an action potential in a muscle cell and the start of muscle tension

49
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers are innervated (stimulated) by

A

Motor neurons

50
Q

A single action potential propagating down a motor axon results in

A

a single action potential and a single contractile event in the muscle fibers it innervates

51
Q

In resting skeletal muscle, calcium is stored in

A

The sarcoplasmic reticulum

physio 01 23 (5 decks)

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