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Special Senses > Hearing and Balance > Flashcards

Hearing and Balance Flashcards

1
Q

The ability to perceive sounds

A

Hearing

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2
Q

Two fundamental units of the ear

A

Auditory apparatus
Vestibular apparatus

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3
Q

Three main regions of the ear

A

External ear
Middle ear
Internal ear

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4
Q

Primarily designed to collect sound waves and direct them inward.

A

The external ear

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5
Q

Is a flap of elastic cartilage shaped like the flared end of a trumpet and covered by skin.

A

Auricle/Pinna

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6
Q

The upper portion of the auricle

A

Rim (Helix)

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7
Q

The inferior portion of the auricle

A

Lobule

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8
Q

Is a curved tube about 2.5 cm (in.) long that lies in the temporal bone and leads to the eardrum.

A

External Auditory Meatus/Canal

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9
Q

Near the exterior opening, the external auditory canal contains a few hairs and specialized sweat glands called ______________________ that secrete earwax or cerumen.

A

Ceruminous glands

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10
Q

Is a thin semi-transparent membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.

A

Tympanic Membrane/Eardrum

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11
Q

Directs sound waves to the middle ear

A

Tympanic Membrane/Eardrum

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12
Q

A small, air-filled cavity that lies in the temporal bone.

A

Middle ear (Tympanic Cavity)

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13
Q

It separates the middle ear from the external ear

A

Tympanic membrane

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14
Q

It separates the middle ear from the internal ear

A

Thin bony partition that contains 2 small membrane-covered openings the oval and round window

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15
Q

2 small membrane-covered openings

A

Oval and round window

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16
Q

Parts of the middle ear

A
  1. Auditory/Eustachian Tube (Pharyngotympanic tube)
  2. Auditory Ossicles
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17
Q

Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

A

Auditory/Eustachian Tube (Pharyngotympanic tubes)

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18
Q

Equalizes air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.

A

Auditory/Eustachian Tube (Pharyngotympanic tubes)

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19
Q

It includes the 3 smallest bones of the body.

A

Auditory Ossicles

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20
Q

Transmit sound waves from the eardrum to the fluid in the cochlea thru the oval window.

A

Auditory Ossicles

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21
Q

Its handle is attached to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane and its head articulates with the body of the incus.

A

Malleus/Hammer

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22
Q

Middle bone; articulates with the head of the stapes.

A

Incus/Anvil

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23
Q

Its base or footplate fits into the oval window.

A

Stapes/Stirrups

24
Q

Two divisions of the inner ear

A

Bony labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth

25
Q

Is a series of cavities in the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

A

Bony labyrinth

26
Q

Three areas in the bony labyrinth

A

semicircular canals
vestibule
cochlea

27
Q

Lined with periostium and contains fluid called ________________.

A

Perilymph

28
Q

It is a bony spiral canal that resembles the shape of a snail, making 3 complete turns.

A

Cochlea

29
Q

3 compartments of the cochlear canal

A

Scala vestibule
Scala tympani
Scala media/Cochlear duct

30
Q

The upper passage above the bony partition and ends at the oval window.

A

Scala vestibule

31
Q

The lower compartment below the bony partition and ends at the round window.

A

Scala tympani

32
Q

Lies between the scala vestibule and scala tympanic

A

Scala media/Cochlear duct

33
Q

It separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani.

A

Basilar membrane

34
Q

It separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibule.

A

Vestibular membrane

35
Q

An organ of hearing which consists of epithelial cells, supporting cells and hair cells.

A

Organ of Corti/Spiral Organ

36
Q

Receptors for auditory sensation

A

The Hair cells

37
Q

Is an oval central portion of the bony labyrinth.

A

Vestibule

38
Q

What are the two sac found in the membranous labyrinth in the vestibule?

A

Utricle
Saccule

39
Q

“Little bag”

A

Utricle

40
Q

“Little sac”

A

Saccule

41
Q

The walls of the utricle and saccule contained thickened regions called____________.

A

Maculae

42
Q

2 kinds of cells in the maculae

A

Hair cells
Supporting cells

43
Q

These supporting cells in the maculae secrete the thick, gelatinous glycoprotein called___________________ which is covered by __________.

A

otholithic membrane
otholits

44
Q

3 tubes/ canals named based on their position

A

Semicircular canals

45
Q

What are the 3 canals/tubes of the semicircular canals?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

46
Q

One end of each canal enlarges into ____________ (saclike duct)

A

Ampulla

47
Q

Small elevation in the Ampulla

A

Cristae

48
Q

Receptors for dynamic equilibrium

A

Cristae

49
Q

The ampulla contains what cells?

A

Hair cells
Supporting cells

50
Q

These cells are covered by cupula

A

Supporting cells

51
Q

A mass of gelatinous materials displaced by fluid movement within the semicircular canals.

A

Cupula

52
Q

Series of sac and tubes found inside the bony labyrinth. Contains the oval and round windows.

A

Membranous labyrinth

53
Q

The membranous labyrinth contains a fluid called _________________.

A

Endolymph

54
Q

It is associated with the vestibule and involved in evaluating the position of the head in relation to gravity.

A

Static equilibrium

55
Q

It is associated with the semicircular canals and involved in evaluating the changes in the rate of head movement.

A

Kinetic/Dynamic equilibrium

Special Senses (4 decks)

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