Hearing and Balance Flashcards
The ability to perceive sounds
Hearing
Two fundamental units of the ear
Auditory apparatus
Vestibular apparatus
Three main regions of the ear
External ear
Middle ear
Internal ear
Primarily designed to collect sound waves and direct them inward.
The external ear
Is a flap of elastic cartilage shaped like the flared end of a trumpet and covered by skin.
Auricle/Pinna
The upper portion of the auricle
Rim (Helix)
The inferior portion of the auricle
Lobule
Is a curved tube about 2.5 cm (in.) long that lies in the temporal bone and leads to the eardrum.
External Auditory Meatus/Canal
Near the exterior opening, the external auditory canal contains a few hairs and specialized sweat glands called ______________________ that secrete earwax or cerumen.
Ceruminous glands
Is a thin semi-transparent membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.
Tympanic Membrane/Eardrum
Directs sound waves to the middle ear
Tympanic Membrane/Eardrum
A small, air-filled cavity that lies in the temporal bone.
Middle ear (Tympanic Cavity)
It separates the middle ear from the external ear
Tympanic membrane
It separates the middle ear from the internal ear
Thin bony partition that contains 2 small membrane-covered openings the oval and round window
2 small membrane-covered openings
Oval and round window
Parts of the middle ear
- Auditory/Eustachian Tube (Pharyngotympanic tube)
- Auditory Ossicles
Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
Auditory/Eustachian Tube (Pharyngotympanic tubes)
Equalizes air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
Auditory/Eustachian Tube (Pharyngotympanic tubes)
It includes the 3 smallest bones of the body.
Auditory Ossicles
Transmit sound waves from the eardrum to the fluid in the cochlea thru the oval window.
Auditory Ossicles
Its handle is attached to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane and its head articulates with the body of the incus.
Malleus/Hammer
Middle bone; articulates with the head of the stapes.
Incus/Anvil
Its base or footplate fits into the oval window.
Stapes/Stirrups
Two divisions of the inner ear
Bony labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth
Is a series of cavities in the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
Bony labyrinth
Three areas in the bony labyrinth
semicircular canals
vestibule
cochlea
Lined with periostium and contains fluid called ________________.
Perilymph
It is a bony spiral canal that resembles the shape of a snail, making 3 complete turns.
Cochlea
3 compartments of the cochlear canal
Scala vestibule
Scala tympani
Scala media/Cochlear duct
The upper passage above the bony partition and ends at the oval window.
Scala vestibule
The lower compartment below the bony partition and ends at the round window.
Scala tympani
Lies between the scala vestibule and scala tympanic
Scala media/Cochlear duct
It separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani.
Basilar membrane
It separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibule.
Vestibular membrane
An organ of hearing which consists of epithelial cells, supporting cells and hair cells.
Organ of Corti/Spiral Organ
Receptors for auditory sensation
The Hair cells
Is an oval central portion of the bony labyrinth.
Vestibule
What are the two sac found in the membranous labyrinth in the vestibule?
Utricle
Saccule
“Little bag”
Utricle
“Little sac”
Saccule
The walls of the utricle and saccule contained thickened regions called____________.
Maculae
2 kinds of cells in the maculae
Hair cells
Supporting cells
These supporting cells in the maculae secrete the thick, gelatinous glycoprotein called___________________ which is covered by __________.
otholithic membrane
otholits
3 tubes/ canals named based on their position
Semicircular canals
What are the 3 canals/tubes of the semicircular canals?
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
One end of each canal enlarges into ____________ (saclike duct)
Ampulla
Small elevation in the Ampulla
Cristae
Receptors for dynamic equilibrium
Cristae
The ampulla contains what cells?
Hair cells
Supporting cells
These cells are covered by cupula
Supporting cells
A mass of gelatinous materials displaced by fluid movement within the semicircular canals.
Cupula
Series of sac and tubes found inside the bony labyrinth. Contains the oval and round windows.
Membranous labyrinth
The membranous labyrinth contains a fluid called _________________.
Endolymph
It is associated with the vestibule and involved in evaluating the position of the head in relation to gravity.
Static equilibrium
It is associated with the semicircular canals and involved in evaluating the changes in the rate of head movement.
Kinetic/Dynamic equilibrium
