Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHYSIOLOGY MED1 > Hearing and Balance > Flashcards

Hearing and Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle pulls the handle of the malleus that is attached on the tympanic membrane?

A

Tensor tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The subsequent movement of the ____ and the movement of the fluid will be converted to signals which will be sent to the CNS.

A

stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The force generated by the tympanic membrane as well as the malleus and incus will provide what is called ________ that will allow stapes to transmit vibration to the inner ear

A

Impedence matching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A system of coiled structure in the inner ear that is enclosed in a bony matrix

A

Cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Number of coils of the cochlea

A

2 and 1/2 turns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The cochlea coils around what bone?

A

modiolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fluid contained in the scalae tympani and vestibuli

A

Perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fluid within scala media

A

endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Separation of the scala media and scala vestibuli that has minimal role in sound conduction

A

Reissner’s membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Part of the inner ear responsible for conduction of sound from external ear to the Organ of Corti

A

Cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This converts sound waves to electrical signals

A

Organ of Corti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibrous membrane separating scala media and tympani

A

Basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False:

The stapes region of the basilar membrane has longer basilar fibers

A

False:
▪ Stapes - base (short fibers) (wider in diameter)
▪ Helicotrema - apex (longer fibers) (narrower in diameter) (12x longer than the base or oval window)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True/False:

The helicotrema has basilar fibers that have narrower diameter

A

True:
▪ Stapes - base (short fibers) (wider in diameter)
▪ Helicotrema - apex (longer fibers) (narrower in diameter) (12x longer than the base or oval window)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false:

The apex of the cochlea has longer basilar fibers

A

True:
▪ Stapes - base (short fibers) (wider in diameter)
▪ Helicotrema - apex (longer fibers) (narrower in diameter) (12x longer than the base or oval window)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which part of the basilar membrane has a natural resonance to high frequency sound waves?

A

Base

17
Q

Area where sounds of different frequencies are detected and converted to nervous signals

A

Organ of Corti

18
Q

Which part of the basilar membrane has a natural resonance to low frequency sound waves?

A

Apex

19
Q

The actual sensory receptors within the Organ of Corti

A

Hair cells

20
Q

Outer hair cell occurs in how many rows near the saccule?

A

3 rows

21
Q

Outer hair cell occurs in how many rows near the apex?

A

5 rows

22
Q

What controls the sensitivity of the inner hair cells by passing to the outer hair cells?

A

Retrograde nerve fibers from the brainstem

23
Q

Inner hair cell occurs in how many rows?

A

Single row only

24
Q

To which ganglia do the short cilia of the inner hair cells synapse?

A

Spiral ganglion and cochlear ganglion (95% of nerve endings in this ganglia synapse with inner hair cells)

25
Q

Bending of which structure of the hair cells excites the auditory nerves?

A

Stereocilia which either touch or are embedded in the surface gel coating of the tectorial membrane

26
Q

A rigid, flat plate where the outer ends of the hair cells are tightly fixed

A

Reticular lamina

27
Q

Structures that are attached tightly to the basilar fibers and support the reticular lamina

A

Rods of Corti

28
Q

What secretes the endolymph contained by the scala media?

A

Stria vascularis

29
Q

Which ions are of high and low concentration in the endolymph, respectively?

A

High K+

Low Na+

30
Q

The perilymph within the scala vestibuli and scala tympani is almost identical to which ECF?

A

CSF due to their direct communication with the subarachnoid space

31
Q

Hair cells at the endolymph have a negative intracellular potential of ___ millivolts with respect to the perilymph

A

−70 mV

32
Q

Hair cells at the perilymph have a negative intracellular potential of ___ millivolts with respect to the endolymph

A

-150mV

33
Q

The possible rapidly acting neurotransmitter release by hair cells at their synapses causing depolarization:

A

Glutamate

34
Q

Sequence of Hair cell receptor excitation:

A

Bending of basilar fibers upwards (towards the scala
vestibuli) >
Bending of stereocilia towards the kinocilium
stereocilia towards the kinocilium (away
from the modiolus) >
Opening Opening of 200 to 300 cation cation-conducting (K+) channels >
Rapid movement of K+ ions from the surrounding scala media fluid into the stereocilia >
Depolarization of the hair cell membrane >
Opening of Ca2+ channels >
Influx of Ca2+ >
Release of vesicles containing neurotransmitter (glutamate) at the base of the hair cells >
Stimulation of the cochlear nerve ending

35
Q

Sound localization is more precise discriminating:

direction or intensity?

A

Direction than detecting intensities as it does not depend on external factors and is only concerned with time.

36
Q

Specific nuclei responsible for detecting time lag of sound entering the ears.

A

Medial Superior Olivary nucleus

37
Q

Specific nucleus responsible for detecting direction of sounds by comparing the intensities of the sounds reaching the ears.

A

Lateral Superior Olivary Nucleus

38
Q

Sound waves cause basilar fibers from the base of cochlea to move towards which window of the ear?

A

Round window

PHYSIOLOGY MED1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions