Healthy Wealthy and Wise Flashcards
Health and wellbeing definition (WHO)
The state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
What is physical health and wellbeing? (definition)
Physical health and wellbeing relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks.
Physical health and wellbeing (characteristics) (5)
- as regular physical activity
- consuming a balanced diet
- having appropriate rest or sleep
- maintaining an ideal body weight
- the absence of illness, disease or injury
What is social health and wellbeing? (definition)
Social health and wellbeing relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
Social health and wellbeing (characteristics)
- function as a contributing member of the society
- supported by strong communication skills, empathy for others and a sense of personal accountability
- quality of relationships that individuals have with others is a key aspect of social health and wellbeing.
What is mental health and wellbeing? (definition)
Mental health and wellbeing is the current state of the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information.
Mental health and wellbeing (characteristics)
- positively form opinions
- wellness of the mind rather than illness.
- low levels of stress and anxiety, positive self-esteem
- overall functioning of the mind and can be positive or negative
What is emotional health and wellbeing? (definition)
Emotional health and wellbeing relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way.
Emotional health and wellbeing (characteristics)
- positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions
- ability to display resilience
- feeling emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life.
- trying to block emotions can actually contribute to poor health and wellbeing.
What is spiritual health and wellbeing? (definition)
Spiritual health and wellbeing is not material in nature, but relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings.
Spiritual health and wellbeing (characteristics)
- concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on a person’s place in the world.
- highly individualised
- relate to morals, values, a sense of purpose in life, connection or belonging
What is optimal health and wellbeing?
Optimal/overall health is having a complete Physical, Emotional, Mental, Social and Spiritual health and wellbeing. It refers to the highest level of health and wellbeing an individual can realistically attain.
What is health status?
An individuals or a populations overall health (taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, disability)
Why measure health status?
- allows judgements to be made about overall health
- government/non-government organisations can take action to improve areas that need help with health
- allows trends to be identified
Life expectancy
Indication of how long a person can expect to live
Self-assessed health status
An individuals ‘perception’ of their level of health
Mortality
Rate of death in an individual or population
Infant mortality rate
The rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births
Under 5 mortality rate
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.
Maternal mortality
Death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or
within six weeks of delivery.
Why do we need mortality rates? (5)
- understanding death in population
- common causes for death
- monitoring trends
- informing health policy
- investigating differences
Morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition PRESENT in a
population at a given time.
Incidence
Incidence refers to the number of NEW cases of a particular disease or condition in a community or population within a given time.
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Refers to a person’s position in society relative to other people based on the factors of
income, occupation and education.
What is Medicare?
Medicare is a public health system that covers all permanent residents of Australia.
What is the aim of Medicare?
provide access to adequate healthcare at little or no cost to all Australians in need of treatment, regardless of age or income.
What is Medicare financed by?
- General taxation
- Medicare Levy
- Medicare Levy Surcharge
General taxation
paid on a taxable income
Medicare levy
contributions made to the healthcare system through a 2 per cent Medicare levy. (paid by most taxpayers, is based on taxable income and is paid in addition to general income tax)
Medicare levy surcharge
is an additional amount paid by individuals and families who do not have Private Health Insurance. The surcharge was set between 1 and 1.5 percent of total income for a single taxpayer who earns above $90 000 and for families who earn over $180 000.
What is bulk billing?
the practice, among doctors, of choosing to be paid reduced fees directly by the government rather than bill patients fully and bear the cost of billing.
What are some OUT of hospital services for Medicare? (4)
- consultation fees for GP’s, including some specialists
- tests and examinations by doctors needed to treat illnesses, including X-rays and pathology (blood) tests
- eye tests performed by optometrists
- most surgical procedures performed by approved dentists
What are some IN hospital services for Medicare? (3)
- hospital bed or accomodation
- doctor or specialist assigned by the hospital
- nursing care, food, etc.
What is private health insurance?
Private health insurance is a subscription or policy for which a person pays to provide them with different levels of cover.
What is avaliable from PHI? (5)
- choice of doctor in public and private hospitals
- no waiting period for elective surgery, and non-urgent surgical procedures
- choice of private hospital
- choice of shared or private room in hospital
- extras cover, which provides part reimbursement of fees for additional health services (dentistry, chiropractic, physiotherapy, optometry, home nursing and podiatry.)
What is the ADG guidline 1?
achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs.
What is the ADG guidline 2?
enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups every day
What is the ADG guidline 3?
limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol.
What is the ADG guidline 4?
encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
What is the ADG guidline 5?
care for your food; prepare and store it safely.
What are the 6 essential nutrient catergories?
- protein
- carbohydrates
- water
- vitamins
- minerals
- fats
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? with examples
Saturated fats (chocolate, processed meats) are unhealthy whereas unsaturated fats (avocado, nuts) are more healthy and prevent the risk of heart disease. They both contain a high proportion of fatty acid molecules.
What are the 4 types of fats?
- saturated
- trans fat
- polyunsaturated
- monounsaturated
What is an example and function of protein?
chicken
- growth and maintenance of organs and muscles
- energy source
What is an example and function of carbohydrates?
potatoes
- major source of energy and only fuel source for many vital organs (brain, kidneys etc.)
- keep you full
What is an example and function of fats?
avocado
- formation of cell membranes
- organ protection
What is an example and function of water?
cucumber, water
- distribute nutrients and oxygen around body
- hydration
What is an example and function of vitamins?
fruits
- regulate metabolism
- maintain normal growth
What is an example and function of minerals?
calcium
- body needs atleast 20 different minerals to function
What is a macronutrient? +example
carbohydrates, proteins, fats
- needed by the body in large amounts and are large molecules
What is a micronutrient? +example
vitamins, minerals
needed by the body in small amounts
What is fibre function and example
whole grain bread
- to keep the digestive system healthy
- helps digestion or faeces
What is calcium function and example
milk
- bone development
- muscles to move and for nerves to carry messages between your brain and every part of your body
What is iron function and example
red meats
- help carry oxygen throughout your body
- to make hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells
What is sodium function and example
salt
- control blood pressure and blood volume
- normal cell function
What is calcium function + example
milk
- bone development and structue
- tooth hygiene
What is low socioeconomic status? + examples
individuals with low educational achievement and low household income
- higher mortality rates
- higher obesity rates
- lower incomes, education levels
What are 2 sports psycology strategies?
visualisation
positive self talk
What is positive self talk and when is it used?
- Internal dialogue that makes a person feel good about themselves
- Used when you are faced with a challenge
- Use positive sayings and self-talk to overcome negative thoughts and improve their confidence and self-esteem.
What is visualisation and when is it used?
- Technique for producing pictures, or animations that represent a message
- Use it to strengthen your mental picture of an upcoming occasion.
- Can also rehearse ahead of time so that you are well-prepared for the event.
