Healthy Living

Question 1

Function of a bone

Answer 1

Provides solid base on which tendons and ligaments are fixed

Question 2

Function of cartilage

Answer 2

Smooth layer which covers the ends of bones and stops them from rubbing together

Question 3

Function of ligaments

Answer 3

Strong fibres that hold bones firmly together. Forms a protective cover around the joint

Question 4

Function of tendons

Answer 4

Attach muscles to bone

Question 5

Function of synovial fluid

Answer 5

Helps joints move with as little friction as possible (lubricant)

Question 6

Describe an experiment that investigates the effect of exercise on the pulse rate

Answer 6

-Record pulse 15 seconds sitting -1 minute exercise then count pulse immediately after for 15 seconds -Repeat for increasingly intensity of exercise -Record results and calculate beats per minute

Question 7

Inhaled air

Answer 7

High oxygen content Low CO2 content Low water content Low temperature

Question 8

Exhaled air

Answer 8

Low oxygen content High CO2 content High water content High temperature

Question 9

How does smoking affect your health?

Answer 9

• It can give you lung cancer because the tar from the cigarette coats your lungs
• Emphysema reduces the amount of O₂ which diffuses in the blood because it causes the lung tissue to have a smaller surface area and have bigger holes

Question 10

Do muscles work in pairs?

Answer 10

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When a muscle contracts (bunches up), it gets shorter and so pulls up the bone it is attached to.

When a muscle relaxes, it goes back to its normal size.

Question 13

Label Alveoli and cappilaries

Answer 13

The oxygen moves from the air in the aveolus to blood in the cappilaries.

In the cappilaries, oxygen →air→blood

                          carbon dioxide →blood→air

Question 14

Advantages of an exoskeleton

Answer 14

The exoskeleton provides a bony plate of armor for support and protection of the soft internal tissues and organs

Question 15

Disadvantages of an exoskeleton

Answer 15

Heavy, can restrict movement

Question 16

Structure of arteries, weins and capillaries

Answer 16

Question 17

what do cigarettes contain?

Answer 17

Many different chemicals, including carcinogenic ones

Question 18

Describe and experinment which investigates the change in heart rate in response to ethanol and caffeine

Answer 18

• Daphnia in water 20 seconds count heart rate
• Repeat with ethanol and caffeine
• Ethanol is a relaxant which causes heart rate to decrease

Question 19

Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

Answer 19

no O₂ + glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol

C6H12O6 2CO2 2C₂H₅OH

llittle energy released

Question 20

Anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 20

no O₂ + glucose → lactic acid

C6H12O6 2C₃H₆O3

little energy released

Question 21

Aerobic respiration in plants, animals and yeast

Answer 21

oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water

6O2 C6H12O6 6CO2 6H₂O

lots of energy released

Question 22

Experiment to show CO₂ is produced in respiration

Answer 22

• Heat yeast to produce alcohol and CO₂
• Test tube with limewater to see if there is CO₂
• Connect with delivery tube

Question 23

How does alcohol affect your health?

Answer 23

• If you drink too much, your liver cannot cope and you will suffer from alcohol poisoning.
• You can also develop cirrhosis of the liver (destroys liver tissue)
• Liver cancer
• Brain becomes soft and pulpy