healthy beans Flashcards
right and left sides of the heart connect at the __
foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
foramen ovale is a shortcut to avoid __
right side of the heart (won’t travel to lungs)
ductus arteriosus allows movement of blood that does end up in the __ to avoid the lungs
right ventricle
increased pressure in __ upon first breaths (increased blood flow to lungs) closes the foramen ovale
left atrium
foramen ovale flaps to which chamber of the heart
left atrium
moderator band in apex of which chamber
right ventricle
tricuspid valve inserts more __ than the mitral (bicuspid) valve
apical
how much of the heart should be in the left anterior quadrant of the chest
3/4
overall 1/3 of chest
normal axis angle of the heart
45 degrees
in the LVOT, the __ is seen exiting the LV
aorta
int he RVOT, the __ is seen exiting the RV
pumonary artery
what are the normal atrial septa in fetus
septum primum
septum secundum
foramen ovale
septum __ grows down from the top of the heart to reach the endocardial cushion. septum them perforates creating the __ and the septum __ grows down from top to meet it
septum primum
foramen ovale
septum secondum
fetal spleen visible after __ GA
20w
gallbladder can be seen in fetus after __ GA
14-16w
adrenals will be visible around __ GA
13w
what echogenicity is the adrenal medulla
inner medulla hyperechoic
outer cortex hypoechoic
umb v courses cranially from umb to join the __
left portal vein (via ductus venosus)
what happens to the right umbilical vein under normal circumstance
regresses around 6-8w GA and then not seen sonographically
*left UV shunts into ductus venosus
small bowel is more __ than colon
heterogeneous
normal migration of bowel into umbilical cord
physiologic midgut umbilical herniation
9-11w GA
midgut herniation should not be seen after __ GA
12w
what branches come off the aorta
brachiocephalic artery
left CCA
left SCA
in adult heart, the right side deals with oxygen __ blood; what is the course?
oxygen POOR
SVC and IVC -> RA -> RV -> pulmonary trunk and PAs -> lungs
in adult heart, the left side deals with oxygen __ blood; what is the course?
oxygen RICH
lungs -> pulmonary veins -> LA -> LV -> Ao -> body
in fetal circulation, blood from RV is pushed along the pulmonary trunk then through __
most to the ductus arteriosis to Ao
some through PAs to lungs
in fetal circulation, blood from RA contracts sending blood through __
2/3 through foramen ovale to LA
1/3 through tricuspid valve to RV
in fetal circulation, blood from LA contracts sending blood through __
mitral valve (bicuspid) to LV
in fetal circulation, blood from LV is pushed through __
through the aortic valve to the ascending Ao
blood then pushed through Ao arch
umbilical arteries return blood to the __
placenta
blood goes to fetus from the placenta via the __
umb veins to the IVC
blood enters the RA from the __
SVC and IVC
(IVC from UV)
what is the point of the ductus arteriosus
shunt blood from going to the lungs from the RV; pushes more toward the Ao
what are fetal lungs used for
growing <3
oxygen and CO2 exchanged at placenta
where does baby get their oxygen from
placenta
which outflow tract is more inferior
LVOT
what motion of the transducer allows you to switch from LAX to SAX views of the heart
90 degree rotation
which organs are visible at the level of the abdominal circumference
stomach
liver
spleen
hypoechoic muscles along the anterior abdominal wall may simulate __
ascites
‘pseudo-ascites’
**distinguishing feature is muscle insertion into ribs
change fetal position to confirm
stomach should be reliably seen by __ GA
12w
liver should be reliably seen by __ GA
20w
pancreas can be reliably seen by __ GA
trick question
difficult to visualize at any GA
MAY be seen late 2nd trimester onward
fetal adaptation allowing oxygenated blood from umbilical __ to bypass the __
umb vein
bypass the liver on its way to the heart via the IVC
*umb v enters the liver at the LPV
ductus venosus shunts blood from the __ to the __
from LPV to IVC
where does the ductus venosus enters the IVC
at or just inferior to the left HV
what is the adult remnant of the ductus venosus
fissure for ligamentum venosum
what is the adult remnant of the umb vein
ligamentum teres
the IVC lies __ of the Ao
anterior and to the RIGHT
the IVC drains __ and empties into the __
drains HV
empties into RA
umbilical arteries extend from the __ to the __
from the internal iliac arteries
to the umbilicus (CI)
**terminates at placenta
carry blood superiorly, medially, and anteriorly
what are the adult remnants of the umbilical arteries
medial umbilical ligaments
what is the adult remnant of the urachus
median umbilical ligament
renal arteries reliably detected with colour Doppler by __ GA
20w
what is the adult remnant of the ductus arteriosis
ligamentum arteriosum
what is the adult remnant of the foramen ovale
fossa ovalis
metanephric mesoderm aka
metanephrogenix blastema
develops into nephron with interaction of ureteric bud (functional tissues of kidney)
ureteric bud develops into
ureter
renal pelvis
calyces
collecting system
cloaca develops into
inferior bladder and rectum
allantois develops into
superior bladder
early blood
urachus
ureteric bud arises from __ duct
mesonephric (Wolffian) duct
kidneys develop in fetal pelvis at __ GA, and ascend into abdomen by __ GA
7w
11w
urine production begins at __ GA
11w
kidneys become the primary source of amniotic fluid after __ GA
16w
bladder reliably seen by __ GA
12-13w
how often should fetal bladder empty and fill
every 20-45 min
penis seen as early as __ GA
12-14w
scrotum should be seen by __ GA
17w
testes descend into scrotum between __ GA
26-32w
in first trimester, genital tubercle with caudal tilt suggests
female genitalia
in what situation is sex determination very important
with a multiples pregnancy to determine amniochorionicity
for suspicion of sex-linked chromosome anomalies
microscopic structures in the nucleus of the cell that contain genes
chromosomes
how many chromosomes do humans have
23 paired
22 autosome
1 pair of sex
