Healthcare Waste Managament Flashcards
refers to waste that may pose a variety of environmental and health risks
Hazardous healthcare wastes
other term for non-hazardous waste
general waste
chemicals that have the capacity to harm biological tissue
toxic
chemicals that can react by themselves when exposed to heat, pressure, shock, friction, catalyst presence or by contact with air or water
reactive
chemicals that ignite/burn easily in normal working temperatures
flammable
flammable chemicals
with flashpoint below 37.8 or 100F
chemicals that cause severe burns to skin, eyes and lungs
corrosive (acids of ph<2 and bases of ph>12)
liquid or solid chemicals that readily give off oxygen or other oxidizing substances
oxidizing
Hospital Licensure Act (1965)
RA 4226
An Act to Control Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes (1990)
RA 6969
The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
RA 8749
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
RA 9003
The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
RA 9275
The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
PD 856
Providing for the Revision of RA no. 3931 aka Pollution Control Law and for Other Purposes (1976)
PD 984
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System
PD 1586
Universal Health Care Act (2018)
RA 11223
This document shall serve as the most comprehensive set of guidelines on the safe management of waste generated from healthcare
Health Care Waste Management Manual (4th Edition)
Disposal of non-hazardous medical waste classified as household waste
Selective
incineration
non-hazardous waste storage facility
hazardous medical waste (infectious)
incineration
disinfection pre-treatment
Hazardous medical waste (RADIOACTIVE)
locally managed through radioactive decay, storage
Disposal of Hazardous medical waste (CHEMICAL, TOXIC)
Recovery
Heat or physico-chemical treatment
Storage
Disposal of Anatomical parts
Special incineration of human anatomical parts in a creamtorium
ZERO WASTE HIERARCHY
Prevent
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Recover
Dispose
Green Procurement
Prevent, Reduce
Resource Development
Reuse, Recycle, Recover
End of Pipe
Treat, Dispose
Most important step in the proper management of healthcare wastes
waste minimization (green procurement policy)
Waste are minimized even before its generation through proper procurement planning
TRUE
Finding or new application for a used material or reusing the same material for the same application
Reuse
Processing of used materials into new products
Recycle
Energy recovery where waste is converted to fuel for generating electricity
Encompass three subsets of waste recovery: recycling, composting and energy recovery
RECOVERY
Process of changing the biological and chemical character of the waste to minimize its potential to cause harm
Waste treatment
Discharge, deposit, placing or release of any health care waste into or on any air land or water
Waste disposal
Not all HCW require treatment prior to disposal
TRUE
Process of separating different types of waste at the point of generation until its final disposal
SEGREGATION
Segregation at the source of waste generation should be the responsibility of the WASTE GENERATOR
TRUE
SHARPS
Red
What should the label of container include
Source
Weight of waste generated
Date of collection
Puncture and leak resistant container for disposal of sharps
safety box
Infectious waste container
Yellow
Can withstand autoclave
Pathological waste container
YELLOW
Anatomical waste container
Red
Pharmaceutical waste container
Brown
Cytotoxic waste or genotoxic waste
Chemical waste container
Yellow w/ black band
Radioactive waste container
Orange
Name of radionuclide
Date of deposition
Non-infectious waste (DRY)
BLACK
Non-hazardous waste (WET)
GREEN
If it is a mixed HCW, consider the most hazardous first
TRUE
Management of waste pending collection and transport to treatment plant of disposal site
HANDLING AND STORAGE OF HCW
Transfer of HCW from point of waste generation to temporary storage or treatment/disposal site
COLLECTION & TRANSPORT OF HCW
Process of packing and moving waste materials at the point of generation
Done by generators and handlers of waste as it entails holding pieces of waste in bins
HANDLING
The assembly of waste packages from different sections to one point
Meant to avoid accumulation and decomposition of waste in one area
COLLECTION
Kills all microorganisms
Strerilization
Reduces the level of microorganisms present in the material
Disinfection
Moving collected wastes from temporary storage area to treatment or disposal site
TRANSPORTATION
Thermal decomposition of healthcare wastes in the absence of supplied molecular oxygen in the destruction chamber in which the said HCW is converted into gaseous, liquid, or solid form
PYROLYSIS
uses steam sterilization to render waste harmless and is an efficient wet thermal disinfection process
autoclave
usual setting of autoclaving
121*C with a pressure of 15 psi for 15-30 minutes
What can be used to check validity of autoclaving sterilization
color-changing tapes or biological test ampules
typically incorporates some type of size reduction device
microwave
in microwaving, waste is exposed to 100C (237.6F) for at least 30 minutes
TRUE
chemicals like sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid and heated alkali
chemical disinfection
what is the recommended concentration of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) for chemical disinfection
concentration of 5%
the process uses an enzyme mixture to decontaminate HCW
Biological processes
suited for large applications and also being developed for possible use in the agricultural sector
biological processes
involves filling of containers with waste, adding and immobilizing material and sealing the containers
encapsulation
suitable for pharmaceutical waste which involves the mixing of waste with cement and other substances before disposal
inertization
waste should NEVER be resorted
TRUE
Highly infectious waste must be disinfected where?
At source
anatomical waste should be disposed of through?
safe burial or cremation
Pathological waste must be refrigerated if not collected or treated within
24 HOURS
Sharps waste must be _______ before transport to landfill
shredded or crushed
Chemical and pharmaceutical wastes shall be?
segregated and collected SEPARATELY
if radioactive waste has reached background radiation level and is not mixed with infectious or chemical waste, then it is considered as?
REGULAR NON-INFECTIOUS WASTE
Aerosol containers can be collected as?
GENERAL WASTE