Healthcare associated infections Flashcards
Intrinsic Factors
Patient related
Obese, Age, Smoking
Extrinsic Factors
Procedure related
Patient preparation, surgical environment preparation
Most commonly used antiseptics (3 types)
alcohol, iodine containing preparations, and chlorhexidine gluconate
Alcohol as an antiseptic
rapid, broad spectrum activity, nonstaining, inexpensive
minimal residual activity (due to fast evaporation), flammable
Tincture of iodine as antiseptic
works well in warm conditions
staining, skin irritation, relatively ineffective in presence of protein rich materials
Chlorhexidine Gluconate as an antiseptic
broad spectrum, minimal skin irritation and is not readily absorbed, maintains activity in presence of organic matter
can damage eyes and ears, cannot come in contact with neural tissue
Iodophors as an antiseptic
broad spectrum activity, less irritating than tincture of iodine
relatively ineffective in the presence of protein rich materials
Most common CAPSI casual agents are
CoNS bacteria
Superficial Incisional SSI
infection occurs within 30 days after procedure
only involves skin and subcutaneous tissue
Deep incisional SSI
infection occurs within 30-90 days after procedure
involves deep soft tissues of the incision
Organ/Space SSI
infection occurs 30-90 days after procedure (# of days depends on procedure performed)
involves any part of the body deeper than the fascial/muscle layers
SSIs add approximately __ to __ postoperative days to a hospital stay
7-10
Clean (Class I) uninfected
uninfected operative wound- no inflammation is encountered
2% infection risk
Clean-contaminated (Class II)
operation where respiratory, alimentary, genital or urinary tracts are entered
less than 10% infection risk
Contaminated (Class III)
open, fresh accidental wounds
20% infection risk
