Health,Wellness, & Illness

Question 1

Acute Illness

Answer 1

rapidly occurring illness that runs its course, allowing a person to return to one’s previous level of functioning

Question 2

Chronic Illness

Answer 2

irreversible illness that causes permanent physical impairment and requires long-term health care

Question 3

Disease

Answer 3

pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind

Question 4

Exacerbation

Answer 4

period in chronic illness when the symptoms of the diseases reappear

Question 5

Health

Answer 5

sate of optimal functioning or well-being

Question 6

Health Disparity

Answer 6

a specific difference that is closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage

Question 7

Health Equity

Answer 7

attainment of the highest level of health for all people

Question 8

Health Promotion

Answer 8

behavior of an individual motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential

Question 9

Holistic Health Care

Answer 9

health care that takes into account the whole person interacting in the evironment

Question 10

Illness

Answer 10

abnormal process in which any aspect of the person’s functioning is altered (in comparison to the previous condition of health)

Question 11

Morbidity

Answer 11

frequency that a disease occurs

Question 12

Mortality

Answer 12

number of deaths

Question 13

Remission

Answer 13

period in a chronic illness when the disease is present, but the person does not experiences symptoms of the disease

Question 14

Risk Factor

Answer 14

something that increases a person’s chance for illness or injury

Question 15

Social Determinants of Health

Answer 15

conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and, age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks

Question 16

Vulnerable Populations

Answer 16

disadvantaged subsegment of a community requiring utmost care, specific ancillary considerations, and augmented protection in research; includes those living in poverty, women, children, older adults, rural, and inner-city residents, new immigrants, the homeless, mentally ill patients, and people with disabilities and special health care needs

Question 17

Wellness

Answer 17

an active process in which an individual progresses toward the maximum possible potential, regardless of current state of health

Question 18

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 18

rhythm that completes a full cycle every 24 hours; synonym for diurnal rhythm

Question 19

Enuresis

Answer 19

involuntary urination; most often used to refer to a child who involuntarily urinates during the night involuntary urination

Question 20

Hypersomnia

Answer 20

condition characterized by excessive sleeping, especially daytime sleeping

Question 21

Insomnia

Answer 21

difficulty in falling asleep, intermittent sleep, or early awakening from sleep

Question 22

Melatonin

Answer 22

a natural chemical produced at night that decreases wakefulness and promotes sleep

Question 23

Narcolepsy

Answer 23

condition characterized by an uncontrolled desire to sleep

Question 24

Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM)

Answer 24

non-rapid eye movement that characterizes four stages in sleep

Question 25

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Answer 25

in adults, five or more predominantly obstructive respiratory events (the absence of breathing or diminished breathing efforts or respiratory effort-related arousals) during sleep, accompanied by sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, snoring, subjective nocturnal respiratory disturbance, or observed apnea and associated health disorders (hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, or mood disorder)

Question 26

Parasomnias

Answer 26

patterns of waking behavior that appears during sleep (e.g. sleepwalking, sleep talking, nocturnal erections)

Question 27

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

Answer 27

stage that constitutes 20% to 25% of a person’s nightly sleep; person is difficult to arouse during this stage

Question 28

Rest

Answer 28

condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed

Question 29

Sleep

Answer 29

state of altered consciousness throughout which varying degrees of stimuli preclude wakefulness

Question 30

Sleep Cycle

Answer 30

passage through the four stages of NREM sleep (I,II,III,IV) then reversal (IV,III,II) and finally, instead of reentering stage I and awakening, entering REM sleep and returning to stage II

Question 31

Sleep Deprivation

Answer 31

a decrease in the amount, consistency, and quality of sleep, results from decreased REM or NREM sleep

Question 32

Sleep Hygiene

Answer 32

nonpharmacologic recommendations like reviewing and changing lifestyles and environment that help an individual get a better night’s sleep

Question 33

Somnambulism

Answer 33

sleepwalking