Health& Wellness/Families/Culture Flashcards
What is health?
Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity. It involves how individuals perceive their own well-being based on personal values, beliefs, and the influence of family, culture, community, and society. Global health is measured using:
Morbidity: The frequency of disease occurrence.
Mortality: The number of deaths caused by a specific disease.
The health of the public is measured globally by which two things?
Morbidity—how frequently a disease occurs
Mortality—number of deaths resulting from a disease
What factors can influence perception of health?
Family, culture, community, and society also influence perception of health
Explain the concept of Wellness.
Wellness is an active process through which individuals strive to reach their maximum potential, regardless of current health status. It involves conscious decisions toward better physical, mental, and emotional health. According to Dunn’s model, wellness includes four processes:
Being: Recognizing oneself as unique and individual.
Belonging: Feeling connected to a community or social group.
Becoming: Pursuing personal growth and development.
Befitting: Making choices that support a better future.
Explain the concept of Disease.
Disease refers to a medical condition marked by specific signs and symptoms, indicating physical or physiological dysfunction. It is often identified and treated through medical diagnosis.
Explain the concept of Illness.
Illness is a personal experience of feeling unwell, which may or may not be linked to a diagnosed disease. It involves how individuals perceive and respond to health problems, influenced by their mental and emotional state. Illness perception can vary.
What are the factors that affect Health and Illness?
Physical Dimension
Emotional Dimension
Intellectual Dimension
Environmental Dimension
Sociocultural Dimension
Spiritual Dimension
Self-Concept
Explain how Physical Dimension affect health and illness.
Components: Genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender.
Genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis or hemophilia.
Age-related risks, such as drowning in toddlers or car accidents in young adults.
Racial predispositions, such as sickle cell anemia or hypertension.
Explain how Emotional Dimension affect health and illness.
Definition: How the mind affects body functions and responds to health conditions
Examples:
Stress leading to conditions like ulcers or high blood pressure.
Relaxation reducing surgical pain or managing anxiety.
Explain how Environmental Dimension affect health and illness.
Definition: The impact of external surroundings such as housing, sanitation, climate, and pollution.
Examples:
Poor housing leading to respiratory issues.
Climate conditions contributing to heat-related illnesses or frostbite
Explain how Intellectual Dimension affect health and illness.
Definition: Cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences.
Examples:
A diabetic college student who follows a diet but occasionally ignores health advice.
A person stopping medication due to unpleasant side effects.
Explain how Sociocultural Dimension affect health and illness.
Definition: The influence of economic level, lifestyle, family, and cultural values.
Examples:
Low-income individuals delaying medical care due to financial constraints.
Cultural beliefs affecting treatment decisions, like avoiding certain foods due to religious practices.
Explain how Spiritual Dimension affect health and illness.
Definition: The role of spiritual beliefs and values in health-related decisions.
Examples:
Religious dietary restrictions (e.g., kosher or halal diets).
Refusal of blood transfusions based on religious beliefs.
Explain how Self-Concept affect health and illness.
Definition: A person’s perception of themselves, including self-esteem and body image.
Examples:
A person with low self-esteem refusing help for a mental health condition.
A person with an eating disorder seeing themselves as overweight despite being underweight.
What are modifiable risk factors?
This a patient can change
What are nonmodifiable risk factors
Things that cannot be changed
What are the 6 major areas of risk factors?
Age
Genetic factors
Physiologic factors
Health habits
Lifestyle
Environment
What are some modifiable Physiologic risk factors that a patient can change?
Examples: Obesity, high blood pressure, and poor nutritional habits.
Prevention: Adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management.
What are some modifiable Health Habits that a patient can change?
Examples: Smoking, alcohol consumption, and skipping routine health check-ups.
Prevention: Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, and maintaining regular health screenings.
What are some modifiable Lifestyle factors that a patient can change?
Examples: Sedentary behavior, risky sexual practices, and unhealthy work-life balance.
Prevention: Engaging in physical activities, safe sexual practices, and managing work stress.
What are some modifiable Environmental factors that a patient can change?
Examples: Exposure to air and water pollution, hazardous living conditions, and unsafe housing.
Prevention: Improving home safety, reducing exposure to pollutants, and maintaining good sanitation practices.
What are the levels of Preventive Care?
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
These levels of care aim to prevent disease onset, detect problems early, and manage existing conditions to improve overall health outcomes.
Explain what is meant by Primary Prevention
Focuses on promoting health and preventing disease before it occurs
Examples:
Immunization clinics
Family planning services
Poison-control education
Accident-prevention programs
Health promotion activities like smoking cessation, diet and exercise counseling, and safer sex practices
Explain what is meant by Secondary Prevention
Involves early detection of disease through screening and prompt treatment to halt disease progression.
Examples:
Screenings for blood pressure, cholesterol, and skin cancer
Pap smears, mammograms, and testicular exams
Regular medical, dental, and vision check-ups
Family counseling
Explain what is meant by Tertiary Prevention
Focuses on reducing the impact of ongoing illness or injury by promoting recovery, rehabilitation, and prevention of complications.
Examples:
Medical and surgical treatments
Medication management
Rehabilitation programs (e.g., physical and occupational therapy)
Job training for patients with disabilities
What are the 5 Health promotion models?
The health belief model
The health promotion model
The health–illness continuum
The agent–host–environment model
Stages of Change Model
Explain the health belief model .
Focuses on a person’s perceptions about their health and disease.
Nurse’s Role:
Assess patients’ perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and benefits of action.
Provide tailored education to correct misconceptions.
Use motivational counseling and health reminders to encourage behavior change.
Explain The health promotion model
Focuses on how individuals interact with their environment to pursue health.
Nurse’s Role:
Promote positive health practices through education and skill-building.
Identify and address barriers to health behaviors.
Encourage health-promoting activities by fostering supportive environments and creating action plans.
Explain The health–illness continuum
Concept: Health is viewed on a sliding scale from wellness to illness.
Nurse’s Role:
Assess the patient’s current position on the continuum.
Support adaptation to internal and external changes.
Offer interventions that move patients toward higher wellness.
Explain The agent–host–environment model
Illness results from interactions between an agent, host, and environment.
Nurse’s Role:
Identify risk factors related to agents (e.g., pathogens), hosts (e.g., susceptibility), and environmental factors (e.g., living conditions).
Implement prevention measures like vaccinations, hygiene promotion, and environmental safety.
Explain the Stages of Change Model
Describes the process individuals go through when changing behaviors.
Nurse’s Role:
Precontemplation: Increase awareness through education.
Contemplation: Discuss pros and cons of behavior change.
Determination: Help create achievable action plans.
Action: Provide ongoing support and encouragement.
Maintenance: Reinforce positive changes and prevent relapse.
Explain what is meant by Family
Any group of people who live together and depend on one another for physical, emotional, and financial support
Explain what is meant by Nuclear Family
traditional family; two parents and their children
Explain what is meant by Extended family
includes aunts, uncles, and grandparents
Explain what is meant by Blended family
two parents and their unrelated children from previous relationships
Explain what is meant by Single-parent family
may be separated, divorced, widowed, or never married
Explain what is meant by Cohabitating adults
unmarried adults; communal or group marriages
What 5 major areas does family functions occur?
Physical - Safe, comfortable environment.
Economic - Financial aid to family members
Reproductive - raise children
Affective and coping - emotional comfort to other members
Socialization - family teaches
