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Fundamentals Exam 4 > EBP/Informatics > Flashcards

EBP/Informatics Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 Sources of Nursing Knowledge

A
  • Traditional Knowledge
  • Authoritative Knowledge
  • Scientific Knowledge
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2
Q

Explain traditional knowledge.

A

Knowledge that is handed down from one generation to another. For example Florence Nightingale handed down the importance of sanitation.

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3
Q

Explain Authoritative Knowledge.

A

What a teacher, preceptor or instructor teaches us.

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4
Q

Explain scientific knowledge.

A

Knowledge backed by science/evidence. Research has been done and there is a body of evidence.

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5
Q

Who was the first nursing theorist?

A

Florence Nightingale.

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6
Q

what are 4 common concepts in nursing theories?

A

Person
Health
Environment
Nursing

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7
Q

Explain the theory of the person.

A

The person is a patient who has the ability to maintain their own health or to recover from illness and that nursing care aids in the maintenance of health or to recover from illness. the patient is any individual requiring a nurse’s care.

You will maintain your health if you have good nutrition, adequate sleep, clean water and exercise.

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8
Q

Explain the theory of health.

A

You will maintain your health if you have good nutrition, adequate sleep, clean water and exercise.

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9
Q

Explain the theory of environment.

A

It is a key component in Nightingales model. The environment promotes health and allows the patient to retain their energy or vital powers for use towards self-healing.
The physical environment include : ventilation, cleanliness, warming, light, quiet, begging and good food.

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10
Q

Explain the theory of nursing. .

A

Art & Science, the modification of an environment to assist a patient - more than application of medicine and doing dressing.
Nurses should be well trained to address patients needs when managing the environment,

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11
Q

What are some ways that we as nurses can use the Nursing Theory in Clinical Practice?

A
  • Open the windows in the patients rooms during daytime so that sunlight can come in.
  • Help the patient outside to get fresh air
  • Clean up the patients room
  • Reduce noise during naptime and nighttime.
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12
Q

What is meant by Quantitative data?

A

Data that is expressed in numbers.

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13
Q

What is meant by qualitative data?

A

Data this is expressed in words or narratives.

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14
Q

Name some types of Quantitative research.

A

Descriptive
Correlation
Quasi - experimental
Experimental

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15
Q

What is descriptive research?

A

A type of research where you want to gain new knowledge. For example s study about the marketing of processed food and the obesity rate in the US. This will all gather new knowledge. Weight will here be described in numbers, amount of chronic diseases will be described in numbers and years of life will be described in numbers.

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16
Q

What is correlation research?

A

When you have gathered your data from the descriptive research, however you want to find out more or find an association. For example with the association between eating processed food and obesity
You examine the degree of relationship between two or more variables. This will be a correlation study between what you research and what you find.
in this study, it is only an association because there can be other factors outside the study that is influencing the weight.

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17
Q

Explain what is meant by a hypothesis.

A

A statement of relationship between independent and dependent variable. your hypothesis could be that there is a relationship between processed food and obesity.

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18
Q

Explain what is meant by variables.

A

Variables are the one that is measured in the study and in the hypothesis.

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19
Q

What is meant by independent variable?

A

The variable that you can manipulate.

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20
Q

What is meant by dependent variable?

A

The result of the study. It is dependent on the result of the independent variables.

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21
Q

Would eating unhealthy food be an independent or dependent variable?

A

It would be independent because this is something that you can change. You can choose to eat nutritious healthy food vs ultra processed food.

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22
Q

Would the increase in weight or obesity be an independent or dependent variable?

A

It is dependent because it correlates to the independent variable where it is based on what the patient eats.

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23
Q

What is a retrospective study?

A

A study that goes back to the past.
For example asking a patient what they have been eating in the last year.

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24
Q

What is a perspective study?

A

A study that is following the subject in present time. For example asking the patient to keep a food diary and writing down that they are eating everyday to see if they are eating ultra processed for and if they are gaining weight.

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25
Q

In this scenario, why would the perspective study be more accurate?

A

Because its not feasible for the patient to be able to remember everything they ate in the last year, however with perspective we are gathering the data in real time.

26
Q

Explain what is meant by Qasi-experimental.

A

Here you have a control group and an experimental group.
You give the experimental group ultra processed food and the control group healthy food. You now have a group to compare with (the control group). You are however not able to control all the other variables such as exercise, ADL’s etc.

27
Q

Explain what is meant by experimental research.

A

Same as quasi-experimental, although conducted in a laboratory setting. You can therefore control all the variables such as sleep, exercise etc. This is however very difficult because someone would need to live in the laboratory setting for several months.

28
Q

Explain the Qualitative research of Phenomenology

A

Phenomenology : to describe experiences as they are lived by the subjects being studied. Analysis of data provides information about the meaning of the experience within each person’s own reality

29
Q

Explain the Qualitative research of Grounded Theory

A

the discovery of how people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are related to their actions in a social scene. The findings are grounded in the data from subjects and are used to formulate concepts and to generate a theory of the experience, supported by examples from the data (e.g., coping with a seriously ill child).

30
Q

Explain the Qualitative research of Ethnography

A

Developed by the discipline of anthropology, ethnographic research is used to examine issues of a culture that are of interest to nursing.

31
Q

Explain the Qualitative research of Historical research

A

examines events of the past to increase understanding of the nursing profession today. Many historical studies focus on nursing leaders, but there is increasing interest in the historical patterns of nursing practice.

32
Q

Explain the Qualitative research of Case Studies.

A

The patient is telling a narrative story about their life, eating habits, illnesses, medications, living situations etc.

33
Q

Explain the Hierarchy of Evidence.

A

At the base of the hierarchy there will be Expert opinion because this can be biased and based on the experts own belief system. As you go up hierarchy the biases becomes less and less and the outcome of the studies are more consistent,

34
Q

What are randomized control trials?

A

A type of experimental study which has more weight when it comes to evidence. Outcome is more consistent and biases are less. Here they applied statistics and randomized their subjects.

35
Q

What is meant by double blind study?

A

The researchers does not know why the control group are and which group is the experimental group.

For a double blind study then the subjects doesn’t know if they are in the control or research group either.

36
Q

What is the ‘abstract’ of the research article?

A

The beginning of the articles, summarizes the article and provides the purpose of the study.

37
Q

What is the ‘introduction’ part of the research article?

A

Consists or review of literature and specific purpose of the study.

38
Q

What is the ‘‘method’’ part of the research article?

A

Includes the subjects or respondents of the study, the research design, what data was collected and how the data is analyzed.
You also describe the subjects. How may they are, gender etc. You also describe how you are going to collect the data.

39
Q

What is the ‘‘results’’ part of the research article?

A

The results (findings) are presented both in words and chart, tables or graphs.
Here you also find a narrative that explains what the charts, graphs etc represent.

40
Q

What is the ‘‘Discussion/Conclusions’’ part of the research article?

A

Reports what the results mean in regards to the purpose of the study and the literature reviewed. This includes suggestions for further research and application to nursing theory/practice.

Here you form your own conclusion based on your findings.

41
Q

What is the ‘‘references’’ part of the research article?

A

Found at the end of the article, include a list of articles and books used by the researcher.

42
Q

What is the PICOT question?

A

A way for us to do research in nursing because we are always striving to improve the quality of care.

43
Q

What does the anagram PICOT stand for

A

P - Patients, population or problem of interest.
I- Intervention or interest
C- Comparison of interest
O- Outcome of interest
T - Time

44
Q

What are the 6 steps of Evidence-Based Practice?

A

Step 0: Cultivate a spirit of inquiry f.ex is something necessary.
Step 1: Ask a burning clinical question in PICOT format
Step 2: Search for and collect the most relevant best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: Integrate the best evidence with one’s clinical practice
Step 5: Evaluate the outcomes of the practice decision or change based on evidence
Step 6: Disseminate the outcomes of the evidence-based practice decision or change

45
Q

What are the 3 components of Nursing Informatics?

A

Nursing Science
Analytical Science
Information Management.

46
Q

Explain Nursing science?

A

Combination of physical science and behavioral sciences. A holistic approach to taking care of a patient, family unit and community to improve health outcomes.

47
Q

Explain Analytical Science

A

Analysis & interpretation of data using statistical methodology.

48
Q

Explain information management.

A

Dealt with how we are able to communicate & disseminate information using technology.

49
Q

Break down nursing informatics.

A

Nursing informatics identifies, define, manage and communicate the data . Turns the date into information, then into knowledge and then into wisdom.

50
Q

What does statistical data become?

A

Knowledge.

51
Q

How do you turn knowledge into wisdom?

A

For example if through data collection you determined that there is a correlation between increase in age and High blood pressure, this became knowledge.
Then if you now, try to determine what can help alleviate this correlation you are turning the knowledge into wisdom. For example routine BP screening for older adults.

52
Q

Explain an Informatics Nurse Specialist (INS) is.

A

A masters degree or doctorate degree and the specialty is in Nursing informatics that bridge the nursing world and the computer programming world.
responsible for strategy development, implementation, maintenance, and evaluation of the clinical information system (CIS) with collaboration with multiple disciplines

53
Q

Explain what a Information Nurse (NI) is.

A

An interest or experience in an informatics field
has assisted with the implementation of an electronic health record (EHR) .
Considered a “superuser” (describing someone who has become a system expert and can navigate the EHR with ease)
Training being primarily on the job

54
Q

Explain the difference between electronic medical records and electronic health records.

A

We document the patient care in an electronic health record such as labs, doctors orders.
Medical record is getting a copy of your chart electronically.

55
Q

Explain the difference between the Clinical Information System (CIS) and the Electronic Health Record.

A

CIS is above the electronic health record.
You can access the electronic health record remotely, it doesn’t need to be on the computer in the hospital. The doctor can put orders remotely and you as a nurse can access patient information there when you are on call.

56
Q

Explain what is meant by system usability.

A

To ensure that the end user is kept in mind when something is designed.

57
Q

Explain what is meant by system optimization.

A

The maintenance phase where we assess where we can improve the system. maximize effectiveness, reduce errors, reduce cost and try to eliminate workflow insufficiency.

58
Q

Explain what is meant by standard terminology.

A

Instead of free text, use a dropdown box that is easy to choose. this creates uniformity and consistency.

59
Q

Explain what is meant by Interoperability.

A

Enables patients and their families to be able to communicate with the health care providers and their accessability.

60
Q

Explain what is meant by security and privacy.

A

This is HIPAA.

61
Q

Explain what is meant by block chain.

A

Methods to ensure privacy and security. Such as data encryption.

62
Q

What are some emerging areas related to healthcare and informatic?

A

Patient Portals - accessing medical record electronically. Direct communication with provider.

Health Care Analytics - Data visualization (using data to present something via technology for instance charts.)

Telehealth and Mobile Technologies -
Hospital at Home - Provider goes to the patients home.

Unique Nurse Identifiers - Pyxis uses paper trail.

Genetics and Genomics Precision Medicine - Use of technology for evidence.

Fundamentals Exam 4 (6 decks)

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