Health Technology Assessment

Question 1

It is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Answer 1

Health

Question 2

A branch of knowledge that deals with thecreation and use of technical means and their interrelation withlife, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjectsas industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and purescience.

Answer 2

Technology

Question 3

Health technologies are used at every level of the healthcare system from the simplest to the most advanced. T/F

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Health technologies form the backbone of the services medicine can offer in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of
illness and disease. T/F

Answer 4

True

Question 5

It focuses on solutions or strategies for managing a particular problem
for which alternative or complementary technologies might be used.

Answer 5

Problem-oriented assessments

Question 6

It focuses on a local placement or use of a technology in a particular
institution, program, or other designated project.

Answer 6

Project-oriented assessment

Question 7

4 Es of Health Program Evaluation

Answer 7

Efficacy
Effectiveness
Equity
Efficiency

Question 8

E that answers the question: Can it work? Does it do more good than harm under ideal conditions?

Answer 8

Efficacy

Question 9

E that answers the question: Does it work? What can be achieved under realistic conditions?

Answer 9

Effectiveness

Question 10

E that answers the question: Is it reaching those who need it (access)? Who gains and who loses (distribution)?

Answer 10

Equity

Question 11

E that answers the question: : Is it worth doing?

Answer 11

Efficiency

Question 12

It s is the discipline which places a value on drug therapy

Answer 12

Pharmacoeconomics

Question 13

The roots of pharmacoeconomics developed in the 1990s, following the evolution of Pharmacy as a clinical discipline and the incorporation of the Pharmaceutical sciences into the Pharmacy curriculum. T/F

Answer 13

False: developed in the 1970s

Question 14

It is the cost of producing a particular quantity of output

Answer 14

Total Cost (TC)

Question 15

It is the costs which do not vary with the quantity of the output in the short run

Answer 15

Fixed Cost (FC)

Question 16

It is the cost which varies with the level of output

Answer 16

Variable Cost (VC)

Question 17

It is the average cost per unit of output

Answer 17

Average Cost (AC)

Question 18

It is the extra cost of producing1 extra unit of output

Answer 18

Marginal Cost (MC)

Question 19

They are the direct, indirect, and intangible costs compared with the consequences of treatment alternatives

Answer 19

Economic outcomes

Question 20

They are the medical events that occur as a result of disease or treatment (e.g., safety and efficacy end points).

Answer 20

Clinical outcomes

Question 21

They are the consequences of disease or treatment on patient’s functional status or QoL along several dimensions (e.g., physical function, social function, general health and well- being, and life satisfaction).

Answer 21

Humanistic outcomes

Question 22

It is a desired effect of a drug (efficacy or effectiveness measure),[e.g., epidemic cases cured, reductions in HbA1c, life-years gained, or improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL)].

Answer 22

positive outcome

Question 23

It is an undesired or adverse effect of a drug, (e.g., treatment failure, an adverse drug reaction (ADR), a drug toxicity, or even death).

Answer 23

negative outcome

Question 24

Intermediate outcomes can serve as a proxy for more relevant final outcomes. T/F

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Final outcomes refer to the ultimate endpoint desired by the healthcare program. T/F

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What are the 5 Analyses of Pharmacoeconomics

Answer 26

Cost-Minimization Analysis (CMA)
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA)
Cost-Consequences Analysis (CCA)