Health System Flashcards
is “the combination of resources, organization, financing, and management that culminate in the delivery of health services to the population (Roemer, 1991).”
Health System
True or False
In the World Health Report (WHO, 2000), a health system is defined as “all the organizations, institutions, resources, and people whose primary purpose is to improve health.”
True
What are the components of a Health System?
- Community
- Department or ministries of health
- Health care providers
- Health service organizations
- Pharmaceutical companies
- Health financing bodies
- Other organizations related to health sector
What are the Goals of a Health System?
- Improving the health of populations
- Improving the responsiveness of the health system
- Providing fair health financing
Is the overarching goal of a health system.
Improving the health of populations
True or False
Populations must be protected from existing and emerging health risks.
True
This goal strives for equity in health by minimizing inequitable disparities
Improving the health of populations
True or False
responsiveness refers to providing satisfactory health services and engaging people as active partners
True
This goal states that health systems have an obligation to respond to the legitimate non-health needs and expectations of populations
Improving the responsiveness of the health system
This goal maximizes people’s autonomy and control
Improving the responsiveness of the health system
This goal states that an ideal health system provides social and financial risk protection in health
Providing fair health financing
True or False:
According to the World Health Organization: each individual pays approximately the same % of their income for needed services regardless of social status in life.
True
What are the Functions of a Health System
- Health service provision
- Health service inputs
- Stewardship
- Health financing
What are the three under Health Financing?
Revenue collection
Risk pooling
Strategic purchasing
Most visible product of health system
Health Service Provision (public and private health service provision)
True or False:
Health service is any service (not limited to clinical services) aimed at improving the health of populations
True
also known as managing resources, means generating the essential physical resources for the delivery of health services
Health Service Inputs
Example of Health Service Inputs:
- medications
- medical equipment
- human resources (trained doctors & medical staff)
- responsibility of health system policymakers
also known as overall system oversight, is the main responsibility of the government
Stewardship
identifies health priorities for allocation of public resources and coordinating activities with others
Stewardship
generates appropriate data for effective decision- making and policymaking (research)
Stewardship
includes raising and pooling funds/resources to pay for health services
1. Revenue collection
2. Risk pooling
3. Strategic purchasing
Health Financing
form of risk management which aims to spread financial risks from an individual to all pool members
Risk Pooling
core function of health insurance companies
Risk Pooling
Main Models of Risk Pooling
- Bismarck Model (Bismarck’s Law on Health Insurance of 1883)
- Beveridge Model (Beveridge Report or the Social Insurance and Allied Services of 1942)
an insurance system where the sickness fund finances both the employers and employees through payroll (salary) deduction
Risk Pooling: Bismarck Model
Bismarck Model is a model named after who?
Prussian Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck
What is the underlying principle of Bismarck Model?
Health insurance covers everybody
This is model widely used:
Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Japan, and, to a degree, Latin America
Risk Pooling: Bismarck Model
This model states that health care is provided and funded by the government through tax payments (shared by government)
Risk Pooling: Beveridge Model
Countries with this model: Hong Kong, Great Britain, Spain, New Zealand, Cuba, Scandinavia
Risk Pooling: Beveridge Model
Beveridge Model is a model named after who?
William Beveridge, the social reformer responsible for designing Britain’s Social Security System and the National Health Service
What is the underlying principle of Beveridge Model?
Healthcare is a basic human right
- use collected funds and pooled financial resources wisely to finance health care services
- minimize costs and maximize quality
- important part of boosting efficiency and profitability in your company/institution
- save more by getting the best deals
Strategic Purchasing
What are the Building Blocks of WHO?
Service Delivery
Leadership and Governance
Financing
Health products, vaccines, and technologies
Health workforce
Information
refers to the timely delivery of quality and cost-effective personal and non-personal health services
Service delivery
The task of ensuring effective stewardship of the entire health system
Leadership and Governance
appropriate funding for health care services to guarantee that people can use health services when needed without fear of having not enough resources to pay for them
Financing
made accessible through uninterrupted supply, well- managed pharmaceutical services, and education on proper use of medication
Health products, vaccines, and technologies
includes individuals and groups working towards the achievement of the best health outcomes by being responsive, fair, and efficient
Health workforce
analyzes, disseminates, and uses reliable and relevant information on health status, determinants, and systems performance
Information
