Health System Flashcards
Goals of Health System
Improving the health of people
Improving the responsiveness of health system
Fairness in financial contribution
2 components of improving the responsiveness of health system
Respect for people
Client Orientation
4 key functions of the health system
Stewardship
Financing
Human and Physical Resources
Organization and Management of Service Delivery
Relevance of the size of the total government health budget
Sets overall limit on what a government can spend
Relevance of financing mechanisms for funding the healthcare system
Determine what flexibility the government has for financing health care…
Relevance of the government health budget
Reflects how the government uses its tax resources.
Relevance of regulation of civil society programs
Facility or constrain the functioning of private voluntary organizations, NGOs, and community organizations.
Relevance of political support to raise awareness for specific health messages and behaviors
Can be powerful for stigmatized or polemic health initiatives and promoting high impact health interventions
Relation of adoption of specific health standards
Improve the quality of care, expand or constrain the number of providers, and facilitate the implementation of approaches
Relation of regulation of pharmaceuticals
Improve the medicine quality assurance and rational use of medicines.
Relevance of business regulations and taxation
Influences the degree to which private sectors participate in health care
Proponent of Bismark model
Otto Von Bismarck (1883)
Principles of Bismarck Model
Government is responsible for universal access to healthcare
Health policy is implemented by the smallest political and administrative units in society
Elected government officials negotiate the terms of medical care and reflect the interest of different medical professions
How does the insurance system work in the Bismarck Model?
Finance jointly by employers and employees through payroll taxes called “sickness funds”
Advantages of the Bismarck Model
Insured healthcare bills
Low administrative costs
Little waiting time to receive primary care services
Disadvantages of the Bismarck Model
Less healthcare services for citizens in rural areas
High employment taxes
Longer waiting time for secondary and tertiary services.
Proponent of the Beveridge Model
William Beveridge
Most organized health system in the world
Beveridge model
How does the Beveridge model work?
Citizens do not directly pay for their medical or other health-related bills.
What are the countries that use the Beveridge Model?
GB
Spain
Italy
Scandinavia
Finland
NZ
Hong Kong
Cuba
Advantages of the Beveridge Model
Accessible due to universal coverage
The government is responsible for healthcare
Free healthcare for citizens
Disadvantages of the Beveridge Model
Higher taxes for citizens
Compensation of healthcare quality
Long waiting lists
What are the countries that have the most well-developed public healthcare systems?
Denmark
Sweden
Canada
UK
Germany
System building blocks of WHO health system framework
Service Delivery
Health Workforce
Information
Medical Products, Vaccines, and Tech
Financing
Governance
Overall goals of the WHO health system framework
Improved Health
Responsiveness
Social & Financial Risk Protection
Improved Efficiency
Desirable attributes of the WHO health system framework
Multiple, Dynamic relationships
Health system strengthening
Access and Coverage
Progress
Components of progress in the WHO health system framework
Good health services
Well-performing health workforce
Health information system
Medical products
Health financing
Leadership
Public Health Care Delivery System
DOH - National
LGU - Local
Private Health Care Delivery System
Profit
Non-Profit
PhilHealth stands for
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
When was PhilHealth created?
1995
When was the PhilHealth sponsored program established?
1998
A whole-of-society approach to health and wellbeing centred on the needs and preferences of
individuals, families and communities.
Primary Health Care
“Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and wellbeing of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services […]”
Article 25 of Universal Declaration on Human Rights
Elements of PHC
Education
Water & Sanitation
Nutrition
Maternal & Child Health
Immunization
Prevention of endemic disease
Treatment
Drug availability
Healthcare services must be equally shared by all the
people of the community irrespective of their race, creed or economic status.
Availability
Includes meaningful involvement of the community in planning, implementing and maintaining their health services.
Community Proportion
Involves all the important issues of health education,
nutrition, sanitation, maternal and child health, and
prevention and control of endemic diseases.
Health Promotion
Technology that is scientifically sound, adaptable to
local needs, and acceptable to those who apply it and
for whom it is used.
Appropriate technology
Improve the health of local people the PHC
programme needs not only the health sector, but also
the involvement of other sectors, like agriculture,
education andhousing
Inter-sectoral collaboration
Principles of PHC
Accessibility
Community Participation
Health Promotion
Appropriate Technology
Inter-sectoral collaboration
To accomplish its mandate and roles the Department has the following power and functions based on:
Executive Order 102
Responsible for field operations of the Department
in its administrative region and for providing
catchment area with efficient and effective medical services
Center for Health Development
Roles of the Center for Health Development
Implement laws, regulations, policies, and programs
Coordination with regional offices
Act as main catalyst and organizer in the Inter Local Health Zone
Attached Agencies to the DOH
PhilHealth
Dangerous Drugs Boards
Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alterna
Philippine National AIDS Council
Unit of the health system created for local health
service management and delivery in the Philippines
Inter Local Health Zone (ILCHZ)
Purpose of ILHZ
re-integrate hospital and public health
services for a holistic delivery of health services
Are the smaller, non departmentalized hospitals
including emergency and regional hospitals.
Secondary Level of Healthcare facilities
Are the highly technological and sophisticated
services offered by medical centers and large hospitals. These are the specialized national
hospitals.
Tertiary Level of Healthcare Facilities
To whom are the services rendered for tertiary level of health care facilities
clients afflicted with diseases which seriously threaten
their health and which require highly technical and
specialized knowledge, facilities and personnel to
treat effectively
first contacts of the community and initial links of
health care.
Grassroot or Village Health Workers
Provide simple curative and preventive health care measures promoting healthy environment
Grassroot or Village Healthworkers
represent the first source of professional health
care
Intermediate Level Health workers
provide support to front-line health workers in
terms of supervision, training, supplies, and
services
Intermediate Level Health workers
provide back up health services for cases that
require hospitalization
First-line hospital personnel
Sectors most closely related to health include those
concerned with:
Agricultural
Education
Public works
Local governments
Social Welfare
Population Control
Private Sectors
Rural Health Units
Primary Care
Regional Health Services
District Health Services
Secondary Health Care
National Health Services
Tertiary Health Care
