health status trends

Question 1

Role of vegetables in the body?

Answer 1

Vegetables are rich in vitamins such as vitamin C, minerals, floate, and antioxidants that help strengthen the immune systems

Question 2

3 Effects of underconsumption of vegetables

Answer 2

1. Colorectal cancer
2. Cardiovascular disease
3. Obesity

Question 3

How does underconsumption of vegetables lead to colorectal cancer?

Answer 3

Green leafy vegetables like broccoli are high in fiber. Fibre is responsible for clearing the digestive tract and adding bulk to the faeces. If the digestive tract is cleared, the risk of abnormal cell growth in the digestive tract and colorectal cancer is reduced.

Question 4

How does underconsumption of vegetables lead to cardiovascular disease/ obesity?

Answer 4

Fibre provides feelings of fullness, which can prevent individuals from overeating and consuming excess energy, which would be stored as adipose tissue. The reduction in adipose tissue reduces the risk of an individual developing obesity

Question 5

What is cardiovascular/ heart disease?

Answer 5

A type of disease that affects the heart or blood vessels. The risk of certain cardiovascular diseases may be increased by smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and obesity.

Question 6

What is diabetes?

Answer 6

Type 2:
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose.

Type 1:
When the body attacks insulin producing cells.

Question 7

2 Foods high in fiber

Answer 7

1. Chickpeas
2. lentils

Question 8

Role of fruit in the body?

Answer 8

Fruits are high in antioxidants and fiber, low in energy.

Question 9

Antioxidants

Answer 9

Compounds in foods that neutralise free radicals

Question 10

Free Radicals

Answer 10

Molecules formed when oxygen is metabolised. Free radicals can damage healthy body cells and increase the risk of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Question 11

Which fruit is high in fiber?

Answer 11

Pear

Question 12

Which fruit is high antioxidants?

Answer 12

Blueberries

Question 13

3 Effects of underconsumption of fruits

Answer 13

1. Colorectal cancer
2. Obesity
3. Cardiovascular disease

Question 14

Role of dairy

Answer 14

High in calcium which helps strengthen and ossify the bones and teeth

Question 15

3 Effects due to Lack of Calcium

Answer 15

1. Osteoporosis
2. Dental Decay
3. Fracture of bones

Question 16

Osteoporosis

Answer 16

A bone disease characterised by weak, porous bones that are susceptible to fracture

Question 17

3 Effects of high consumption of fat

Answer 17

1. Obesity
2. Cardiovascular disease
3. Type 2 diabetes

Question 18

2 healthy fats

Answer 18

Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated

Question 19

2 unhealthy fats

Answer 19

trans fats, Saturated fats

Question 20

Role of fat

Answer 20

to provide the body energy

Question 21

How does high consumption of fat lead to heart disease

Answer 21

When there is too much low density lipoprotein it tends to be deposited in the walls of the blood vessels. This leads to conditions like atherosclerosis making it harder to pump blood around the body, sometimes leading to heart attacks.

Question 22

How does high intake of fat lead to type 2 diabetes?

Answer 22

Diets high in saturated and trans fats have been shown to change the composition of cell membranes, which can interfere with the transport of glucose into the cell, increasing the impact of impaired glucose regulation and the risk of type 2 diabetes

Question 23

What is impaired glucose regulation

Answer 23

High blood sugar levels, not high enough to be classified as diabetes.

Question 24

Role of salt

Answer 24

Sodium is needed by the body to help regulate fluid levels

Question 25

3 Impact of High intake of salt

Answer 25

1. Increased blood volume and hypertension 2. Osteoporosis 3. Cardiovascular disease

Question 26

What is Hypertension

Answer 26

when you have hypertension (High blood pressure) the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls is consistently too high. The heart has to work harder to pump blood.

Question 26

How does high intake of salt lead to hypertension

Answer 26

High levels of sodium in the body can draw excess fluid out of the cells. This increases blood volume and contributes to hypertension.

Question 27

How does high intake of salt lead to osteoporosis

Answer 27

Too much salt makes the body lose calcium through urine. When this happens often, it can weaken the bones and increase the risk of osteoporosis, a condition where bones become fragile and more likely to break.

Question 28

How does high intake of salt lead to CVD?

Answer 28

High levels of sodium in the body can draw excess fluid out of the cells. This increases blood volume and contributes to hypertension which can lead to CVD like heart attacks.

Question 29

Role of sugar

Answer 29

Sugar is a type of carbohydrate that provides energy for the body.

Question 30

2 Effects of high intake of Sugar

Answer 30

1. Obesity 2. Dental Carries

Question 31

How does high intake of sugar lead to obesity?

Answer 31

consumed in excess, they are stored as adipose (fat) tissue. Over time, this can lead to weight gain and high body mass index.

Question 32

How does high intake of sugar lead to dental carries?

Answer 32

Sugars provide a food source for bacteria in the mouth. These bacteria produce acids that can contribute to dental decay and the development of dental caries. If left untreated diseases such as periodontitis can occur.

Question 33

What is periodontitis?

Answer 33

Inflammation of tissues around the teeth

Question 34

What is insoluble fiber

Answer 34

Does not absorb water

Question 35

3 conditions fiber leads to

Answer 35

1. Obesity 2. Cardiovascular disease 3. Colorectal cancer

Question 36

How does low intake of fiber lead to cardiovascular disease?

Answer 36

Fibre adds bulk to faeces and assists in keeping the digestive system clean, reducing the risk of abnormal cells developing, especially in the colon and rectum.

Question 37

How does smoking lead to lung cacner

Answer 37

Smoking can cause fault in the cell as they divide, leading to tumors and ultimately cancer.

Question 38

How does alcohol lead to liver disease

Answer 38

As alcohol is filtered through the liver, excessive alcohol consumption can harm its tissues. This can lead to scarring, reduced function and chronic diseases.

Question 39

How does alcohol lead to obesity

Answer 39

Alcohol has kilojoules. Excess kilojoules are stored as adipose tissue. The increase in adipose tissue increases the risk of an individual developing obesity

Question 40

cholera

Answer 40

Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water. Cholera causes severe diarrhea and dehydration.

Question 41

Tuberculosis

Answer 41

Tuberculosis spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, mainly harming the lungs and causing a bad cough and chest pain.

Question 42

HIV/AIDS

Answer 42

HIV spreads through contact with infected bodily fluids (like blood or semen), weakening the immune system and making the body vulnerable to infections and diseases.

Question 43

Malaria

Answer 43

Malaria spreads through bites from infected mosquitoes and harms the body by attacking red blood cells, causing fever, chills and sometimes death.

Question 44

Hepatits

Answer 44

Hepatitis spreads through contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated food and water, damaging the liver and causing symptoms fatigue.

Question 45

Neglected Tropical Diseases

Answer 45

Neglected tropical diseases spread through contaminated water, insects, and poor sanitation, causing severe symptoms like pain, disability, and organ damage that can lead to chronic health issues.

Question 46

cancer

Answer 46

Cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, forming tumors or spreading throughout the body, leading to damage in organs and tissues.

Question 47

respiratory conditions

Answer 47

Asthma is a respiratory condition where the airways become inflamed and narrowed, causing difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

Question 48

soluble fiber

Answer 48

Soluble fiber dissolves in water, helping lower cholesterol and regulate blood sugar, and is found in foods like oats, beans, and fruits.

Question 49

insoluble fiber

Answer 49

Insoluble fiber doesn't dissolve in water and helps add bulk to stool, aiding in digestion and preventing constipation. It is found in foods like whole grains, nuts, and vegetables.