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CMN 571 Module 3 > Health Screening and Health Promotion part 2 - LEIK > Flashcards

Health Screening and Health Promotion part 2 - LEIK Flashcards

1
Q

Lipid Disorders - total lipid profile

A

Total lipid profile after a 9-hour (minimum) fast

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2
Q

Lipid Disorders -

The USPSTF recommends the use of low- to moderate-dose statin when all of the
following criteria area met:

A
  • Aged 40 to 74 years
  • The patient has one or more CVD risk factors (i.e., dyslipidemia, DM, hypertension, smoking)
  • The patient has a calculated 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event of 10% or greater
  • Age 76 years and older without history of heart attack or stroke (insufficient evidence)
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3
Q 
Lung Cancer (June 2013)
Screening
A

Screening for persons who smoke (30 pack-years) or have quit in the past 15 years

Age 55 to 80 years: Annual screening with low-dose CT (LDCT)

Discontinue screening once person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery

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4
Q

Prostate Cancer

Screening

A

Begin at age 50

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5
Q

Prostate Cancer

Screening

A

Discuss pros / cons of testing via DRE or PSA blood test

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6
Q

Prostate Cancer

Screening

A

AA or father with prostate cx before age 65, start

discussion at age 45

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7
Q 
Ovarian Cancer (September 2012)
Screening
A

Grade D: Routine screening is not recommended.

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8
Q 
Ovarian Cancer (September 2012)
Screening
A

Very high-risk women with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations: Refer to specialists.

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9
Q 
Ovarian Cancer (September 2012)
Screening
A

If ovarian cancer screening is done, transvaginal ultrasound with serum cancer antigen (CA-125)
is ordered.

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10
Q 
Ovarian Cancer (September 2012)
Screening
A

The screening starts at age 30 years (or 5–10 years before earliest age of first diagnosis of ovarian cancer in family).

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11
Q 
Ovarian Cancer (September 2012)
Screening
A 
• Some experts recommend bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) between age 35 to
40 years (after childbearing is complete).
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12
Q 
Ovarian Cancer (September 2012)
Screening
A

BSO has a significant effect in reducing

ovarian cancer risk in at-risk women.

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13
Q 
Ovarian Cancer (September 2012)
Screening
A

High-risk women: Refer for genetic counseling.

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14
Q 
Ovarian Cancer (September 2012)
Screening
A

Look for family history of having two or more first- to second-degree relatives with a history of ovarian cancer or a combination of ovarian cancer;

women of Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity with first-degree
relative (or second-degree relatives on the same side of the family) with breast or ovarian cancer.

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15
Q 
Ovarian Cancer (September 2012)
Screening - TVUS (transvaginal ultrasound)
A

TVUS (transvaginal ultrasound) is a test that uses sound waves to look at the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries by putting an ultrasound wand into the vagina. It can help find a mass (tumor) in the ovary, but it can’t actually tell if a mass is cancer or benign. When it is used for screening, most of the masses found are not cancer.

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16
Q 
Ovarian Cancer (September 2012)
Screening - CA-125 blood test
A

The CA-125 blood test measures the amount of a protein called CA-125 in the blood. Many women with ovarian cancer have high levels of CA-125. This test can be useful as a tumor marker to help guide treatment in women known to have ovarian cancer, because a high level often goes down if treatment is working. But checking CA-125 levels has not been found to be as useful as a screening test for ovarian cancer. The problem with using this test for ovarian cancer screening is that high levels of CA-125 is more often caused by common conditions such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Also, not everyone who has ovarian cancer has a high CA-125 level. When someone who is not known to have ovarian cancer has an abnormal CA-125 level, the doctor might repeat the test (to make sure the result is correct) and may consider ordering a transvaginal ultrasound test.

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17
Q

Skin Cancer Counseling

A

Recommended for children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 10–24 years) with fair skin

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18
Q

Skin Cancer Counseling

A

Education includes avoidance of sunlight from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., use of SPF 15 or higher sunblock, protective clothing, wide-brim hats

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19
Q

Routine screening is not recommended by the USPSTF for the following conditions:

A 
Ovarian cancer
Oral cancer
Testicular cancer (adolescents or adult males;
20
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA;

June 2014)

A

Men at age 65 to 75 years who have

smoked

21
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA;

June 2014)

A

One-time screening with ultrasonography in men ages
65 to 75 years who have smoked; individualize for
men who never smoked

22
Q

Blood pressure in adults

hypertension; October 2015

A

Start at age 18 years or older

Requires at least 2 readings on 2 separate occasions

23
Q

Blood pressure in adults

hypertension; October 2015

A

Recommends obtaining measurements outside of
clinical setting for diagnostic confirmation before starting
treatment

24
Q

Depression

A

General adult population

Include pregnant and postpartum women;

PHQ-2: 2 questions (+) screen =
PHQ-9 (more comprehensive)

25
Q 
Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2
(October 2015)
A

Age 40 to 70 years if overweight or

obese

26
Q 
Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2
(October 2015)
A

Applies to adults in primary care settings who are not
“high risk”; DM patients with risk factors (certain
ethnicities, PCOS, GDM, etc.) can undergo screening at
younger age

27
Q

Blood Glucose

A

Begin at age 45

28
Q

Blood Glucose

A

Normal results: repeat q3yr

29
Q

Blood Glucose

CONSIDER TESTING IN

A

BMI >25 / >23 (Asians) AND 1 of the following

1st degree relative w/DM

AA/Latino/NA/Asian/PI

Women w/PCOS

Acanthosis

Hx of CVD

HTN >140/90

HDL <35 and/or trig >250

Physical Inactivity

30
Q

Blood Glucose

Prediabetes

A

Prediabetes A1C >5.7: annual

31
Q

Blood Glucose

GDM

A

GDM: lifelong test at least q3yr

32
Q 
Latent tuberculosis (September 2016)
Asymptomatic adults
A

Screen asymptomatic adults who are at increased risk for infection

33
Q 
Lung cancer (December 2013)
smoking
A

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) if currently smokes with 30-pack-year history or quit in
the previous 15 years

34
Q

Obesity

A

start at age 6-18 years

35
Q

Obesity

A

Offer or refer for intensive behavioral interventions

36
Q

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs;

September 2014)

A

Start at the onset of sexual activity

37
Q

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs;

September 2014)

A

High-intensity behavioral counseling for sexually active

adolescents and adults who are at high risk for STIs

38
Q

Skin Cancer

A

Routine screening is not recommended;

individualize recommendation

39
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Begin at age >65

40
Q

Osteoporosis

A

BMD (Bone Mineral Density):
osteoporosis risk [T-score]
FRAX tool: 10-yr risk of fracture

41
Q

Osteoporosis

A

May start earlier if a younger woman has a fracture risk equal or greater than that of a 65-year-old White woman
(i.e., chronic steroids)

42
Q

RISK FACTORS

Breast Cancer

A

Older age: Age 50 years or older (most common risk factor)
Previous history of breast cancer
Two or more first-degree relatives with breast cancer
Early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity (longer exposure to estrogen)
Obesity (adipose tissue can synthesize small amounts of estrogen)

43
Q

RISK FACTORS

Cervical Cancer

A

Multiple sex partners (defined as greater than four lifetime partners)
Younger age onset of sex (immature cervix easier to infect)
Immunosuppression and smoking

44
Q

RISK FACTORS

Colorectal Cancer

A

History of familial polyposis (multiple polyps on colon)
First-degree relative with colon cancer
Crohn’s disease (ulcerative colitis)

45
Q

RISK FACTORS

Prostate Cancer

A

Age 50 years or older
African ancestry
First-degree relative with prostate cancer

46
Q

RISK FACTORS
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) or Sexually
Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

A 
Multiple sexual partners
Earlier age onset of sex
New partners (defined as <3 months)
History of STD
Homelessness

CMN 571 Module 3 (4 decks)

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