Health screening

Question 1

Define overdiagnosis

Answer 1

Correct diagnosis of a disease but the diagnosis is irrelevant because the disease will never cause symptoms within the patients lifetime

Question 2

Define overtreatment

Answer 2

Unnecessary treatment which does not improve health

Question 3

Where is over diagnosis an ethical problem?

Answer 3

In screening

Question 4

What can overtreatment lead to?

Answer 4

Unnecessary harm

Question 5

Is prostate cancer screened for in the UK? Why?

Answer 5

No as this can cause a lot more problems in your life however you can ask for a PSA test from your GP and they will explain to you the risks and benefits

Question 6

What is the popularity paradox?

Answer 6

The more people you screen the more are harmed by over diagnosis but the more popular the screening programme becomes

Question 7

who makes decisions pertaining to screening in the UK?

Answer 7

UK national screening committee

Question 8

What is the Wilson and Jungner criteria?

Answer 8

In the principals and practice of screening for disease:

1- The condition should be an important health problem

2- There should be treatment for the condition

3- Facilities for diagnosis and treatment should be available

4- There should be a latent stage of the disease

5- There should be a test or examination for the condition.

6- The test should be acceptable to the population

7- The history of the disease should be understood

8- An agreed treatment policy

9- Economical

10- Should be a continuous process

Question 9

What are Uk screening programmes in antenatal and newborns?

Answer 9

New born blood spot
Downs syndrome
Antenatal Sickle Cell and

Question 10

What are Uk screening programmes in young persons and adults?

Answer 10

AAA
Breast cancer
Cervical cancer
Bowel cancer

Question 11

How are test results classified?

Answer 11

True  Positive (TP)
True  Negative (TN)
False Positive (FP)
False Negative (FN)

Question 12

What metrics are used to define how good a test is? Which one needs to be higher in screening?

Answer 12

Sensitivity and specificity

specificity needs to be higher

Question 13

What is sensitivity in regards to test results?

Answer 13

The proportion of people who have the disease that the test correctly detects

Question 14

What is specificity in regards to test results?

Answer 14

The proportion of people who do not have the disease that the test correctly identifies as not having the disease

Question 15

Slide

Answer 15

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