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Physiology > Health Screening > Flashcards

Health Screening Flashcards

1
Q

What is health?

A
  • Optimal well-being that contributes to one’s quality of life.
  • Freedom of disease, illness, mental and physical wellbeing.
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2
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Is a stable internal body environment.

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of homeostasis?

A
  • Nutrients
  • Oxygen
  • Water
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4
Q

What causes the imbalance of homeostasis?

A
  • Disease
  • Ageing
  • Trauma
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5
Q

What can be used to measure vital signs?

A
  • Respiratory rate
  • Body temperature
  • Pulse rate
  • Blood pressure
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6
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Deep in the sternum slightly to the left of the midline in the chest cavity.

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7
Q

Where is the most accurate place to check heart rate?

A

Where the apex is resting against the anterior chest wall.

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8
Q

What are the auscultation locations?

A
  • Aortic valve
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Mitral valve
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9
Q

What is heart rate?

A

The number of times the heart goes through a full cardiac cycle in a minute.

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10
Q

Where can you find your pulse?

A
  • Carotid artery
  • Brachial artery
  • Radial artery
  • Femoral artery
  • Dorsalis pedis
  • Posterior tibial
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11
Q

What is the normal heart rate of an adult?

A

60-80 bpm

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12
Q

What is the normal heart rate of an infant?

A

140-160bpm

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13
Q

What are the variances of cardiovascular disease?

A
  • Bradycardia (too slow)
  • Tachycardia (too fast)
  • Fibrillation (irregular)
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14
Q

What is the maximum heart rate?

A

220-age

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15
Q

What are the 5 types of blood vessels

A
  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Capillaries
  • Venules
  • Veins
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16
Q

What are the 2 types of circulations?

A
  • Systemic
  • Pulmonary
17
Q

What is systolic blood pressure?

A

The pressure generated by ventricular contractions and the highest pressure achieved in the large arteries.

18
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure?

A

The pressure achieved during ventricular relaxation and the lowest pressure in the large arteries.

19
Q

What can influence blood pressure?

A
  • Vessel diameter
  • Blood viscosity
  • Vessel length
20
Q

What are the 3 abnormal blood pressures?

A
  • High
  • Low
  • Postural hypotension
21
Q

How can you ensure accurate blood pressure testing?

A
  • Good technique
  • Regular re-calibration
  • Relaxed environment (quiet) (temp)
22
Q

How do you measure blood pressure?

A
  • Apply the cuff to the left arm
  • Place the stethoscope over the brachial artery
  • Inflate pump
  • Release the gauge to deflate the cuff
  • Listen to the brachial artery
  • Note the first and last sound
    120/80
    SPB/DPB
23
Q

How do you regulate respiration rate?

A

Chemoreceptors

24
Q

What are the three chemical factors influencing respiration rate?

A
  • C02
  • 02
  • pH
25
Q

How do you assess respiration rate?

A
  • Place hands on the anterior thorax and then the posterior thorax
  • Feel for them inhaling
  • Count the number of breaths per minute
26
Q

What is the normal breathing rate?

A

15-20 breaths per minute

27
Q

What are the factors that influence respiration rate?

A
  • Physical activity
  • Emotional stress
  • Sleep
  • Hyperthermia
  • Medications
28
Q

What are abnormal sounds when listening to breathing?

A
  • Crackles
  • Wheezing
29
Q

What bonds with oxygen to be carried around the body?

A

Haemoglobin

30
Q

How much oxygen does the blood carry?

A

20ml of O2 combined with Hemoglobin

31
Q

What is oxygen saturation?

A

The percentage of oxyhemoglobin in the blood.

32
Q

What does an individual look like when they are well saturated compared to desaturated

A

Saturated - Tonge and lips pink
Desaturated - Tongue and lips blue

33
Q

What is a pulse oximeter?

A

It measures the level of oxygen saturation of Hb in the arterial blood.

34
Q

What causes a pulse oximeter alarm to go off?

A
  • Low saturation emergency
  • No pulse detected
  • Low pulse rate
  • High pulse rate
    Should be 95% +
35
Q

Factors that influence pulse oximeter readings

A
  • Bright light
  • Sivering
  • Pulse volume
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
36
Q

Causes of hypoxemia?

A
  • Anemia
  • Asthma
  • Lung disease
  • Medications
  • Pneumonia
  • Sleep apnea

Physiology (6 decks)

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