health science Flashcards
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what stimulates the appitite control centure?
Ghrelin
what suppresses the hunger sensation?
PYY 3-36 and leptin
what is prader-willi syndrom?
a genetic condition causing insatible hunger
what is prader willi syndrom caused by?
deletion of genes on chromosome
what are health conserns of eating disorders?
symptoms of weight loss worsen over time and can lead to organ failure or brain damage
what is the difference between anorexia and bulimia?
bulimia is when someone eats unusally large amouts of food while anorexia is when someone restricts food as a means to loose weight
What is a fad diet?
a fad diet is a diet that promotes dramatic results
what is a lipid?
fatty compound that preforms a number of things for your body
whats the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds between the individual carbon atoms, while in unsaturated fatty acids there is at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain.
what is the difference between non esential and esential nutreients?
Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized by the human body, so they must be consumed in food. Nonessential nutrients can be synthesized by the human body, so they need not be obtained directly from food.
what type of foods should make up a healthy diet according to the canadian food guide?
veggies and fruit, whole grains and protines
what does a typical plate look like according to the canadian food guide?
one quarter should be protines, another quarter should be whole grains and the last half should be veggies and fruit. water should be your drink of choice
what is a glycemic index?
the potential of a carbohydrate to raise your blood sugar levels
what is insulin?
insulin removes sugars from your blood stream and stores it as glycogen in the liver and muscles
what is glucagon?
causes stored carbohydrates to be released in the blood stream
What is hyperglycemia?
excess of glucose in the blood stream
what is hypoglycemic?
deficiency of glucose in the blood stream
how do insulin and glucagon work together to regulate blood sugar levels?
Insulin reduces the body’s blood sugar levels and provides cells with glucose for energy by helping cells absorb glucose.
what is the difference between how your body uses sugars and starch?
Sugar is already in the form needed by the body for metabolism, so it doesn’t need to be digested – it only needs to be absorbed. On the other hand, starch does require digestion, as it must be broken down into sugar in order to be absorbed
what foods contain sugars?
sweets, cakes, biscuits, chocolate, and some fizzy drinks and juice drinks
what foods contain starch?
bread, cereal, and pasta
what is malnutrition?
the condition that develops when the body is deprived of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function.
what is a balanced diet?
eating a wide variety of foods in the right proportions, and consuming the right amount of food and drink to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight
what is high density lipoprotine?
“good cholesterol”
helps remove other forms of cholesteral from the blood stream lessoning the risk of heart attack and stroke
what is low density lipoprotine?
“bad cholesterol”
contributes to fatty build up in arteries and increases risk of heart attack and stroke
how are protines used in your body?
protines are critical components in all tissues of the human body
what are symptoms of kwashiorkor and marasmus?
Marasmus has a wasted and shriveled appearance, while kwashiorkor is known for causing edema — swelling with fluid, especially in the belly and the face.
how do you caculate the amount of protine in your diet?
0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day. 2 One kilogram equals 2.2 pounds, so a person who weighs 165 pounds, or 75 kg, would need about 60 grams of protein per day
how might meat based diets contribute to global warming?
Animal-based foods, especially red meat, dairy, and farmed shrimp, are generally associated with the highest greenhouse gas emissions.
how is the energy in food reported on a food label?
In nutrition, energy is measured using “calories”.
how is the energy in food reported experimentally
You can determine energy content of food by burning a portion of it and capturing the heat released to a known amount of water.
How is BMI caculated for a human?
dividing an adult’s weight in kilograms by their height in metres squared
