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Health & Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Why is health and safety so important?

A

Important because of legislation and company policy and my own protection and others.

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2
Q

What do you know about the RICS Surveying safely 2018?

A

Effective 2019. Sets out good practice principles for the management of health and safety for RICS regulated firms and members.

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3
Q

What is the structure of the RICS Surveying Safely 2019?

A
  1. Personal responsibilities for RICS members and firms
  2. Assessing hazards and risks
  3. Workplace health and safety
  4. Occupational hygiene and health
  5. Visiting premises and sites
  6. Fire safety
  7. Residential property surveying
  8. Procurement and management of contractors
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4
Q

What are the lone working procedures at your firm?

A

Must carry charged mobile phone and inform colleagues of whereabouts. Sign in and out.

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5
Q

What is the role of the health and safety executive?

A

Polices the health and safety act 1974, provides best practice and health and safety guidance, can give out fines or imprisonment.

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6
Q

What is included in health and safety at work act?

A

Legislation to enforce a duty on employers to protect employee’s health and safety at work

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7
Q

What are different types of PPE?

A

It is equipment to keep you safe at work (hi-vis jacket, steel capped boots, hard hat, protective goggles, gloves, ear defenders, covid 19 protection)

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8
Q

What are the 5 steps of assessing risks and struc?

A
  1. Identify the hazards present
  2. Identify the people at risk
  3. Evaluate risk and decide precautions
  4. Record findings
  5. Review risk and update regularly
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9
Q

What are hazards?

A

A hazardous material harmful to health e.g., asbestos, lead piping, radon gas

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10
Q

What do you do if you discover hazardous materials on site?

A

I would recommend a specialist report and make appropriate assumptions. Check contents of an asbestos report/register

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11
Q

What are three types of asbestos?

A

Brown (amosite) – banned 1985
Blue (crocidolite) – banned 1985
White (chrysotile) – banned 1999

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12
Q

What does HSE website say about asbestos?

A

It is advised that asbestos can be found in any building built before the year 2000 and causes c. 5,000 deaths per year.

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13
Q

What is the key asbestos legislation?

A

The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012:
* Non-compliance is a criminal offence
* Provides obligations to the duty holder and employer
* Duty holder is the owner of the premise if vacant or a tenant if holding a repairing lease
* Duty holder must undertake a risk assessment
* All work is to be done by a licensed contractor
* Asbestos register must be produced and kept up to date

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14
Q

Where is asbestos usually found?

A

e.g., roof sheeting and tiles, pipe lagging, insulation, textured coatings and paints, cement, guttering and drainpipes

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15
Q

Are you aware of any new RICS guidance on asbestos?

A

RICS 4th edition Guidance Note Asbestos (Aug 21) – aims to ensure surveyors and their clients comply with UK legislation relating to asbestos and ensure no one is put at exposure risk.

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16
Q

What are the two types of asbestos survey?

A
  1. Management – locates, assesses, and advises management
  2. Refurbishment / demolition survey – samples taken and advise on management
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17
Q

What do The Control of Asbestos Regulations (2012) say are the five steps for the duty holder in managing asbestos?

A

C-R-R-A-R
(1) Assess whether premises Contains asbestos, the location and condition of it.
(2) Assess Risk of it
(3) Create an Asbestos Register
(4) Make that register Available
(5) Review that register regularly.

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18
Q

How, and under what regulations can a Surveyor be Punished for Dealing with Asbestos Inappropriately?

A

Under the Health and Safety (Offences) Act 2008, a surveyor dealing with asbestos can face a maximum fine of £20,000 and a potential 12-month prison sentence. More serious offences can be tried in higher courts where fines and sentences are not limited.
RICS Guidance Notes 2021 Asbestos: Legal Requirements and Best Practice for Property Professionals is a comprehensive guide to law and industry guidance setting out best practice for property professionals to comply with the law.

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19
Q

What is the Fire Risk Management Regulatory Form (Fire Safety) Order 2005?

A

Risk assessment for fire prevention in non-domestic properties

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20
Q

How would you prepare for visiting a site?

A

As mentioned in Surveying Safely 2019:
* Carry out DD beforehand and undertake personal risk assessment of site
* Think about travelling to site, lone working, condition of property, occupation, what activity is carried out, site rules & Covid-19 requirements
* Bring PPE and COVID PPE

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21
Q

What is the Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2015?

A
  • Aim is to improve management and coordination of health and safety during all stages of a construction project
  • Duty holders are the client, principal designer, and principal contractor – onus on client
  • Criminal offence – policed by the HSE
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22
Q

Under the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2021, who is a duty holder?

A

Owner of the premises if vacant, occupier if holding a repairing lease.

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23
Q

What is a ‘safe person’?

A

Someone who takes responsibility for their own, their colleague’s and other’s health and safety while at work.

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24
Q

How can you ensure safety when visiting premises?

A

Sign in and out of sites to let people know you are there.

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25
Q

What are visible signs of deleterious materials?

A

HAC: look for brown stains. Presence of concrete frames. Crumbling concrete.

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26
Q

What is the 6 pack Health & Safety regulations?

A
  1. Management of health and safety at work
  2. Display screen equipment
  3. Manual handling operations
  4. PPE
  5. Provision and use of work equipment
  6. Workplace H&S at work
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27
Q

What are reasonable fire precaution measures?

A
  • Fire detection and warning alarm system
  • Firefighting equipment
  • Safe exit routes
  • Evacuation plan
  • Suitable fire doors
  • Emergency lighting and signage
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28
Q

What is the Suzy Lamplugh Trust?

A

This is the key UK legislation relating to health & safety. It is underpinned by various specific regulations.
The Health & Safety Act 1974 places a duty on employers to ensure that that health, safety and wellbeing of employees and other affected persons is not at risk, so far as is reasonably practicable. This includes providing and maintaining equipment, safe systems of work and safe premises.
A key aspect of the Act is that a director or senior manager commits an offence if the company’s breach was committed with their consent, connivance or neglect.
Breaching the Act is a criminal offence, which can carry an unlimited fine, plus imprisonment up to 2 years. Furthermore, corporate and gross negligence (manslaughter) charges can lead to more severe custodial sentences, whilst directors can be disqualified from acting as a director for up to 15 years.

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29
Q

What are the corporate requirements?

A
  • Appropriate line management structure to monitor and manage health & safety, i.e. lead from the top with a policy statement
  • Clear accountability, policies and procedures
  • Risk assessment
  • Staff training
  • Adequate resources provided Insurance in place
  • In the event of an accident/incident, a firm must determine the root course and take action to avoid a recurrence, with learning points passed on to key stakeholders
  • Firms must take account of time pressures, distractions/interruptions, fatigue, inexperience/lack of knowledge, complacency
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30
Q

What should company policy and procedures include?

A

Providing a safe place of work relating to ventilation, heating, lighting and welfare facilities etc.
Minimising risks relating to monitors and workstations
* Providing personal Protective Equipment (PPE), e.g. helmets, steel capped shoes, ear defenders, face masks, overalls, torches & batteries
* Manual handling
* First aid
* Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995
* Safe electrical systems
* Hazardous substances
* Asbestos
* Fire risk assessment
* Working hours
* Health & safety induction
* Driving
* Stress
* Lone working

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31
Q

What is a risk assessment?

A

This essentially considers how could a plan of action deviates from your expectations. The RICS define it as carefully examining what in your work could cause harm to people, so that you can judge whether or not you have taken enough precautions to prevent harm.
This requires an understanding of hazards and risks:
* Hazard - something with potential to cause harm
* Risk - likelihood of harm being realised

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32
Q

What is the basic procedure to undertake a risk assessment?

A
  1. Identify hazards
  2. Decide who may be harmed and how
  3. Evaluate risks and decide on precautions
  4. Record findings and implement
  5. Review and update
  6. Advise all those affected of the outcome of the assessment and methods of work, or other control measures necessary, to minimise or eliminate risk
    You will then need to dynamically assess risk on site. This is because the situation on the day may change so you need to ensure that you continue to assess potential risks prior and during your time on site.
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33
Q

What is the hierarchy of risk control?

A
  • Eliminate - redesign activity or substitute substance so hazard is removed, e.g. use a drone to avoid working at height.
  • Substitute - replace materials used or proposed work process with less hazardous one, e.g. pre-prepared components rather than cutting on site.
  • Engineering controls - e.g. use work equipment or other measures to prevent falls, separate hazard from operators by enclosing equipment.
  • Administrative controls - identify and implement procedures to work safely, e.g. reduce need for lone working, ensuring work undertaken in daylight.
  • PPE - only if the above measures can be used, e.g. emergency alarms where lone working can’t be avoided.
34
Q

What are my personal responsibilities?

A

You have a responsibility for your own health & safety, together with that of anyone under your supervision. This could be colleagues, clients or the general public, for example.
You also have a duty to co-operate with your employer’s policies and procedures to minimise the health & safety risks to yourself, colleagues and others potentially affected by actions.
This means that you should, for example:
* Report actual or perceived health & safety breaches in good time
* Carry out a personal risk assessment and report any perceived, potential or actual risks to your employer
* Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
* Undertake staff training
* It is a criminal offence to intentionally or recklessly interfere or misuse anything provided in interests of health & safety - so it is extremely important to take responsibility for your actions and inactions.

35
Q

What is Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

A

PPE is equipment to protect against health & safety risks. For example, helmets, steel capped shoes, ear defenders, face masks, overalls, torches & batteries, safety harnesses and hi vis clothing.
This can protect against the risk of injuries to lungs (inhaling contaminated air), head and feet (falling materials), eyes (air borne particles), skin (from contact with corrosive materials) and the body (from temperature extremes).
PPE should be maintained in good condition by your employer and provided free of charge.

36
Q

10 ways to ensure your personal safety on site?

A
  1. Take a charged mobile and personal alarm
  2. Plan an escape route
  3. Implement a call back system with office (e.g. a safe word)
  4. Make your daily schedule available to colleagues
  5. Be careful in roof voids and when using ladders
  6. Park your car close by and keep your keys on you
  7. Make sure you know who you are meeting
  8. Follow your gut instinct
  9. Understand the site rules for construction sites
  10. Be aware of aggressive occupants and dogs
37
Q

10 ways to ensure the safety of your personal property?

A
  1. Keep your personal property safe and with you at all times
  2. Don’t leave possessions on view in your car
  3. Don’t leave possessions lying around on site
  4. Register electronic devises with Immobilise
  5. Back up your photos and phone numbers
  6. Keep confidential information safe, e.g. client contact information, bank details
  7. Use a cross-shredder for personal dated no longer needed
  8. Remove shoes when entering a property
  9. Take care of other’s personal items when in confined spaces
  10. Leave accommodation as you found it
38
Q
A
38
Q

What else do I need to consider?

A

Other key health & safety issues include the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012, Legionnaires’ disease and the Construction (Design & Management) Regulations 2015.

39
Q

What is work-related stress?

A

Work-related stress relates to adverse reactions that individuals may suffer due to excessive pressures or other types of demand placed on them at work.
Examples include:
- Demands - this includes issues such as workload, work patterns and the work environment
- Control - how much say the person has in the way they do their work
- Support - this includes the encouragement, sponsorship and resources provided by the RICS- regulated firm, line management and colleagues
- Relationships - this includes promoting positive working to avoid conflict and dealing with unacceptable behaviour
- Role - whether people understand their role within the RICS-regulated firm and whether the firm ensures that they do not have conflicting roles
- Change - how organisational change (large or small) is managed and communicated in the RICS-regulated firm

40
Q

What must a RICS regulated firm ensure they provide?

A
  1. Safe working environment
  2. Safe work equipment
  3. Safe systems of work
  4. Competent staff
41
Q

What is the structure of the RICS Professional Standard ‘Surveying Safely - Health and Safety Principles for Property Professionals’ second edition 2018 (Effective 2019)

A
  1. Personal responsibilities for RICS members and firms
  2. Assessing hazards and risks
  3. Workplace health and safety
  4. Occupational hygiene and health
  5. Visiting premises and sites
  6. Fire safety
  7. Residential property surveying
  8. Procurement and management of contractors
42
Q

What’s the ‘method statement’ and what should it outline?

A

Is A - Document that details way a work task or process is to be completed / prior approved.
Outlines - hazards involved and include a step by step guide on how to do the job safely
Must detail which control measures have been introduced to ensure the safety or anyone who is affected by the tasks of process

43
Q

What is public liability insurance?

A

A copy of contractors all risks and public liability insurance is needed before work is commenced

44
Q

When does a company need to have a written health and safety policy document?

A

When a company employs more than 5 people

45
Q

What is the six pack of H&S regulations?

A
  1. Management of Health and Safety at Work
  2. Display Screen Equipment
  3. Manual Handling Operations
  4. Personal Protective Equipment at Work
  5. Provision and Use of Work Equipment
  6. Workplace Health, Safety and Welfare
46
Q

What does the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 state?

A
  1. Trigger date for reporting injuries is over 7 days incapcitation
  2. Such injury must be reported to HSE within 15 days of the date of injury
  3. Employers must keep a record of all 3-day plus injuries
  4. Information can be kept in accident book which has to be kept for minimum of 3 years after injury
47
Q

What does the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 relate to?

A

Act relates to gross breaches of duty of date by corporate body - leading to death

48
Q

What is the penalty under Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007?

A

Range from unlimited fine, imprisonment and disqualification as a company direct by member of senior management team

49
Q

What type of properties does the Fire Risk Management Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 apply to?

A

Non domestic properties in England and WalesW

50
Q

Who is a responsible person?

A

Employers, or occupier who controls the property, or owner if vacant

51
Q

What is the Fire Safety Act 2021?

A

Relates to multi-occupied residential buildings:
Requires all responsible persons to assess, manage and reduce the fire risks posed by structure, external walls and common areas.
Allows Fire Services to take enforcement action against responsible persons who fail to comply

52
Q

What happened following the Hackett Review 2018?

A

The Fire Safety Act 2021 was put in place

53
Q

What are the requirements of the Fire Safety Act 2021?

A
  1. Regular inspections of lifts to be reported to fire / rescue services
  2. Evacuation plans in place
  3. Residents must have suitable fire safety instructions
  4. Individual flat entrance doors comply with current standards where external walls have unsafe cladding
  5. Clarifying responsible person or duty holder for multi-occupied, residential buildings.
54
Q

What is an EWS1 form designed to be used for?

A
  1. Block of flats
  2. Student accommodation
  3. Assisted living and care homes
  4. Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs)
  5. Mixed use blocks where there is a residential component
55
Q

What is EWS1 form not designed for?

A

Hotels is the main answer

56
Q

What is the criteria when checking the external wall system?

A
  1. Height of building
  2. Type of cladding and how much of it there is on the building
  3. Presence of balconies and combustible material
57
Q

How long is an EWS1 form valid for?

A

Five years

58
Q

What is the Building Safety Act 2022?

A

Legislation intended to enhance regulations for building safety and ensure residents have a voice in ensuring safety in their buildings

59
Q

The Building Safety Act 2022 introduces a new Building Safety Regulation. What are they required to do?

A
  1. Secure the safety of people in or about buildings
  2. Improve the standard of buildings
60
Q

When was the use of combustible cladding on residential buildings over 18 meters tall banned?

A

September 2018

61
Q

What does S.38 of the Building Act 1984 state?

A

Enables civil claims for breaches of building regs which cause physical damage. Limitation period will be extended from 6 to 15 years.

62
Q

For development of high-rise buildings. What and when are the three ‘gateways’

A

Points when fire statements / confirmation of building regs have to be declared
1. Planning application
2. Pre-construction
3. Pre-occupation

63
Q

What’s the definition of “higher risk” buildings?

A

Buildings 18m or higher OR 7 or more storeys which include 2 or more residential units

64
Q

What is the occupiers liability act 1957?

A

Regulates liability of occupiers and others for injuries caused to lawful visitors, as well as damage to goods.

65
Q

Are trespassers covered by the Occupiers Liability Act 1957?

A

No, they are under the 1984 act

66
Q

What does the Smoke-free (Premises & Enforcement) Regulations 2007 state?

A

Illegal to smoke in enclosed spaces, especially public
‘No smoking’ signs must be displayed

67
Q

Who enforces the Smoke-free (Premises & Enforcement) Regulations 2007

A

Local authorities

68
Q

What is the penalty of the Smoke-free (Premises & Enforcement) Regulations 2007?

A

Range from £50 to max £2,500

69
Q

What is the Defective Premises Act 1972?

A

Obligation for Landlord to ensure premises complies with requirements

70
Q

When were the forms of asbestos banned?

A

white asbestos - 1999
Other - 1985

71
Q

What are the two types of asbestos survey?

A
  1. Management Survey
  2. Refurbishment / Demolition survey
72
Q

What’s the difference between the two types of asbestos surveys?

A

Management survey is just to locate and assess. No sampling is undertaken.
Refurbishment / demolition samples are taken to be analysed.

Both provide management advise

73
Q

Regarding Asbestos, what must be provided on new buildings?

A

Architects certificate to confirm there is no asbestos present

74
Q

What are the FIVE steps taken regarding asbestos?

A
  1. Duty holder must assess if premises contains asbestos
  2. Assess the risk & produce a management plan
  3. Produce a asbestos register
  4. Make register available to all relevant parties
  5. Review the register regularly (6 months)
75
Q

What is the fine for letting asbestos sit in property?

A

Maximum £20,000 and possibility of 12 months imprisonment

76
Q

What does the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 state?

A

Criminal offence to breach CDM regulations
Aim is to improve management & co-ordination of H&S at all stages of construction

77
Q

What are the key parts of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015?

A
  1. Main duty holders are: The Client, Principal Designer and Principal Contractor
  2. CDM Co-ordinator is replaced by Principal Designer
  3. All projects with more than one contractor must have Principal Designer and Principal Contract and a H&S file
  4. Onus on the client, not the contractor to ensure CDM arrangements
78
Q

Who are the main duty holders regarding the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015?

A

The Client, Principal Designer and Principal Contractor

79
Q

What form should be filled out if a project last longer than 30 construction days with more than 20 workers working simultaneously on site, or involves demolition?

A

F10 form to be sent to HSE

80
Q

What are the statutory obligations of a commercial property owner?

A

Asbestos management
Contamination
Equality act compliance
EPC
Fire safety
Health and safety
Legionnaires disease
occupiers liability
PAT testing
Waste management

81
Q

What is legionnaires disease?

A

Legionnaires’ disease is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any species of Legionella bacteria, quite often Legionella pneumophila. Signs and symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, and headaches. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur.

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